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Evaluation of Static Autonomous GNSS Positioning Accuracy Using Single-, Dual-, and Tri-Frequency Smartphones in Forest Canopy Environments

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2022-02, Vol.22 (3), p.1289 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

COPYRIGHT 2022 MDPI AG ;2022 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. ;2022 by the author. 2022 ;ISSN: 1424-8220 ;EISSN: 1424-8220 ;DOI: 10.3390/s22031289 ;PMID: 35162034

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  • Title:
    Evaluation of Static Autonomous GNSS Positioning Accuracy Using Single-, Dual-, and Tri-Frequency Smartphones in Forest Canopy Environments
  • Author: Purfürst, Thomas
  • Subjects: Accuracy ; Analysis ; Android smartphone ; Antennas ; Cellular telephones ; Communications equipment ; Data Collection ; Forestry ; Forests ; Frequency analysis ; Global positioning systems ; GNSS ; GPS ; horizontal accuracy ; multi-constellation GNSS ; multi-frequencies smartphones ; positioning under a forest canopy ; Receivers & amplifiers ; Satellites ; Smart phones ; Smartphone ; Smartphones ; Technology application
  • Is Part Of: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2022-02, Vol.22 (3), p.1289
  • Description: Determining the current position in a forest is essential for many applications and is often carried out using smartphones. Modern smartphones now support various GNSS constellations and multi-frequency analyses, which are expected to provide more accurate positioning. This study compares the static autonomous GNSS positioning accuracy under forest conditions of four multi-frequency multi-constellation smartphones as well as six single-frequency smartphones and a geodetic receiver. Measurements were carried out at 15 different study sites under forest canopies, with 24 measurements lasting approximately 10 min each taken for the 11 GNSS receivers. The results indicate that, on average, multi-frequency smartphones can achieve a higher positioning accuracy. However, the accuracy varies greatly between smartphones, even between identical or quasi-identical tested smartphones. Therefore, no accuracy should be generalised depending on the number of usable frequencies or constellations, but each smartphone should be considered separately. The dual-frequency Xiaomi Mi 10 clearly stands out compared with the other smartphone with a DRMS of 4.56 m and has a 34% lower absolute error than the best single-frequency phone.
  • Publisher: Switzerland: MDPI AG
  • Language: English
  • Identifier: ISSN: 1424-8220
    EISSN: 1424-8220
    DOI: 10.3390/s22031289
    PMID: 35162034
  • Source: GFMER Free Medical Journals
    MEDLINE
    PubMed Central
    ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources
    ProQuest Central
    DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
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