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Mulberry latex rich in antidiabetic sugar-mimic alkaloids forces dieting on caterpillars

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 2006-01, Vol.103 (5), p.1337-1341 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

Copyright 2006 National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America ;Copyright National Academy of Sciences Jan 31, 2006 ;Copyright © 2006, The National Academy of Sciences 2006 ;ISSN: 0027-8424 ;EISSN: 1091-6490 ;DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0506944103 ;PMID: 16432228

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Title:
Mulberry latex rich in antidiabetic sugar-mimic alkaloids forces dieting on caterpillars
Author: Konno, K ; Ono, H ; Nakamura, M ; Tateishi, K ; Hirayama, C ; Tamura, Y ; Hattori, M ; Koyama, A ; Kohno, K
Subjects: 1-Deoxynojirimycin - pharmacology ; Alkaloids ; Alkaloids - chemistry ; Animal Feed ; Animals ; Arabinose - pharmacology ; Biological Assay ; Biological Sciences ; Bombyx ; Bombyx mori ; Carbon - chemistry ; Caterpillars ; defense mechanisms ; defoliation ; Ecosystems ; enzyme inhibitors ; feeding behavior ; Feeding Behavior - drug effects ; food intake ; Herbivores ; Imino Furanoses - pharmacology ; Insect larvae ; Insect pests ; Insecta ; Insects ; Latex ; Latex - chemistry ; Leaves ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Mamestra brassicae ; Models, Chemical ; Morus ; Morus alba ; Morus australis ; Morus bombycis ; O-glycoside hydrolases ; Phytophagous insects ; Plant Leaves - metabolism ; Plant Proteins - metabolism ; plant-insect relations ; Plants ; Plants, Medicinal - chemistry ; Predation ; resistance mechanisms ; Ribitol - analogs & derivatives ; Ribitol - pharmacology ; Samia ; Samia ricini ; Silkworms ; Sugar Alcohols - pharmacology ; sugar-mimic alkaloids ; Time Factors ; Toxicity ; Trees
Is Part Of: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 2006-01, Vol.103 (5), p.1337-1341
Description: Since ancient times, mulberry leaves (Morus spp.) have been used to rear the silkworm Bombyx mori. Because the silkworm grows well on mulberry leaves, the toxicities and defensive activities of these leaves against herbivorous insects have been overlooked. Here we show that mulberry leaves are highly toxic to caterpillars other than the silkworm B. mori, because of the ingredients of the latex, a milky sap exuded from mulberry leaf veins. The toxicity of mulberry leaves was lost when the latex was eliminated from the leaves, and artificial diets containing latex showed toxicity. Mulberry latex contained very high concentrations of alkaloidal sugar-mimic glycosidase inhibitors reported to have antidiabetic activities, such as 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-D-arabinitol, 1-deoxynojirimycin, and 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-D-ribitol. The overall concentrations of these inhibitors in latex reached 1.5-2.5% (8-18% dry weight) in several mulberry varieties, which were approximately equal to 100 times the concentrations previously reported from whole mulberry leaves. These sugar-mimic alkaloids were toxic to caterpillars but not to the silkworm B. mori, indicating that the silkworm can circumvent the mulberry tree's defense. Our results suggest that latex ingredients play key roles in defense of this tree and of other plants against insect herbivory, and they imply that plant latexes are treasuries of bioactive substances useful as medicines and pesticides.
Publisher: United States: National Academy of Sciences
Language: English
Identifier: ISSN: 0027-8424
EISSN: 1091-6490
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0506944103
PMID: 16432228
Source: PubMed Central (Open access)
Geneva Foundation Free Medical Journals at publisher websites
MEDLINE

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Mulberry latex rich in antidiabetic sugar-mimic alkaloids forces dieting on caterpillars

Copyright 2006 National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America ;Copyright National Academy of Sciences Jan 31, 2006 ;Copyright © 2006, The National Academy of Sciences 2006 ;ISSN: 0027-8424 ;EISSN: 1091-6490 ;DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0506944103 ;PMID: 16432228

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