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Prevalence, clinical profile, and risk factors of peripheral artery disease in an Iraqi cohort of chronic kidney disease

Medicine (Baltimore), 2023-10, Vol.102 (43), p.e35577-e35577 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

Copyright © 2023 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. ;Copyright © 2023 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. 2023 ;ISSN: 0025-7974 ;EISSN: 1536-5964 ;DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000035577 ;PMID: 37904421

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  • Title:
    Prevalence, clinical profile, and risk factors of peripheral artery disease in an Iraqi cohort of chronic kidney disease
  • Author: Sinjari, Hussein Yousif
  • Subjects: Adult ; Aged ; Albuminuria - complications ; Ankle Brachial Index ; C-Reactive Protein - metabolism ; Coronary Artery Disease - complications ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Female ; Glycated Hemoglobin ; Humans ; Hypertension - complications ; Iraq - epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Observational Study ; Peripheral Arterial Disease - complications ; Peripheral Arterial Disease - diagnosis ; Peripheral Arterial Disease - epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Quality of Life ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - complications ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - epidemiology ; Risk Factors
  • Is Part Of: Medicine (Baltimore), 2023-10, Vol.102 (43), p.e35577-e35577
  • Description: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with substantial morbidity, mortality, and a lower quality of life. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of PAD, clinical profile, and related risk factors among patients with CKD in Iraq (a low-to middle-income country). A cross sectional study comprised 175 CKD patients, of them 60% were male, their mean age was 56 ± 12.5 years, attending Nephrology unit, Hawler Teaching Hospital, Erbil, Iraq between march 2022 and November 2022. Data on demographic and baseline characteristics were collected. Laboratory tests were performed. All participants underwent a detailed history and clinical examination. Vascular lesions in the lower limbs were assessed using the ankle-brachial index. PAD was diagnosed based on an ankle-brachial index value ˂ 0.9, relevant symptoms, and clinical findings. Forty-nine patients (28%) had PAD, and only 17 (34.7%) were symptomatic. PAD was significantly associated with older age (P = .008), male sex (P = .039), diabetes (P = .012), and hypertension (P = .023). In addition, PAD prevalence was significantly higher in patients with prior coronary artery disease (P < .001), advanced CKD stages (P .032), low estimated glomerular filtration rate (P .03), albuminuria (P .002), elevated glycated hemoglobin (P .04), and high sensitive C-reactive protein (P < .001). No significant association was detected between PAD and body mass index, smoking, CKD duration, cerebrovascular disease, dyslipidemia, albumin, creatinine, hemoglobin, total PTH, and phosphate. Peripheral artery disease was prevalent in patients with CKD in Iraq, and the most affected patients were asymptomatic. Older age, male sex, hypertension, diabetes, prior coronary artery disease, advanced CKD stages, albuminuria, higher glycated hemoglobin level, and increased high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level were identified as risk factors. Early detection of occult PAD might enhance efforts toward proper prevention and treatment.
  • Publisher: United States: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
  • Language: English
  • Identifier: ISSN: 0025-7974
    EISSN: 1536-5964
    DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000035577
    PMID: 37904421
  • Source: IngentaConnect Open Access
    PubMed (Medline)
    Journals@Ovid Open Access Journal Collection Rolling
    MEDLINE
    Wolters Kluwer Open Access
    DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
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