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Assessing ecological infrastructure investments

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 2019-03, Vol.116 (12), p.5254-5261 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

Copyright National Academy of Sciences Mar 19, 2019 ;2019 ;ISSN: 0027-8424 ;EISSN: 1091-6490 ;DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1802883116 ;PMID: 30617080

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Title:
Assessing ecological infrastructure investments
Author: Adamowicz, Wiktor ; Calderon-Etter, Laura ; Entem, Alicia ; Fenichel, Eli P. ; Hall, Jefferson S. ; Lloyd-Smith, Patrick ; Ogden, Fred L. ; Regina, Jason A. ; Rad, Mani Rouhi ; Stallard, Robert F.
Subjects: Canals ; Clearing ; COLLOQUIUM PAPERS ; Computing costs ; Conservation of Natural Resources - economics ; Contracts ; Cost-Benefit Analysis - economics ; Ecological monitoring ; Ecology - economics ; Economic forecasting ; Ecosystem ; Ecosystem assessment ; Ecosystem services ; Ecosystems ; Environmental changes ; Equilibrium ; Feasibility ; Feasibility studies ; Forecasting ; Infrastructure ; Investment ; Investments - economics ; Land use ; Marketing ; Markets ; Panama ; Pricing ; Sackler on Economics, Environment, and Sustainable Development ; Sedimentation ; Social Sciences ; Water flow ; Watersheds
Is Part Of: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 2019-03, Vol.116 (12), p.5254-5261
Description: Conventional markets can underprovide ecosystem services. Deliberate creation of a market for ecosystem services [e.g., a payments for ecosystem services (PES) scheme] can close the gap. The new ecosystem service market alters behaviors and quantities of ecosystem service provided and reveals prices for the ecosystems service: a market-clearing equilibrium. Assessing the potential for PES programs, which often act as ecological infrastructure investment mechanisms, requires forecasting the market-clearing equilibrium. Forecasting the equilibrium is complicated, especially at relevant social and ecological scales. It requires greater disciplinary integration than valuing ecosystem services or computing the marginal cost of making a land-use change to produce a service. We conduct an ex ante benefit–cost assessment and forecast market-clearing prices and quantities for ecological infrastructure investment contracts in the Panama Canal Watershed. The Panama Canal Authority could offer contracts to private farmers to change land use to increase dry-season water flow and reduce sedimentation. A feasible voluntary contracting system yields a small program of about 1,840 ha of land conversion in a 279,000-ha watershed and generates a 4.9 benefit–cost ratio. Physical and social constraints limit market supply and scalability. Service delays, caused by lags between the time payments must be made and the time services stemming from ecosystem change are realized, hinder program feasibility. Targeting opportunities raise the benefit–cost ratio but reduce the hectares likely to be converted. We compare and contrast our results with prior state-of-the-art assessments on this system.
Publisher: United States: National Academy of Sciences
Language: English
Identifier: ISSN: 0027-8424
EISSN: 1091-6490
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1802883116
PMID: 30617080
Source: Open Access: PubMed Central
Geneva Foundation Free Medical Journals at publisher websites
MEDLINE

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Assessing ecological infrastructure investments

Copyright National Academy of Sciences Mar 19, 2019 ;2019 ;ISSN: 0027-8424 ;EISSN: 1091-6490 ;DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1802883116 ;PMID: 30617080

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