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Differentiating between hydrothermal and diagenetic carbonate using rare earth element and yttrium (REE+Y) geochemistry: a case study from the Paleoproterozoic George Fisher massive sulfide Zn deposit, Mount Isa, Australia

Mineralium deposita, 2022-02, Vol.57 (2), p.187-206 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

The Author(s) 2021 ;The Author(s) 2021. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. ;ISSN: 0026-4598 ;EISSN: 1432-1866 ;DOI: 10.1007/s00126-021-01056-1

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Title:
Differentiating between hydrothermal and diagenetic carbonate using rare earth element and yttrium (REE+Y) geochemistry: a case study from the Paleoproterozoic George Fisher massive sulfide Zn deposit, Mount Isa, Australia
Author: Rieger, Philip ; Magnall, Joseph M. ; Gleeson, Sarah A. ; Oelze, Marcus ; Wilke, Franziska D. H. ; Lilly, Richard
Subjects: Ablation ; Analytical methods ; Anoxia ; Anoxic sediments ; Barren lands ; Calcite ; Carbonate minerals ; Carbonates ; Cathodoluminescence ; Chemical analysis ; Chlorides ; Diagenesis ; Dolomite ; Dolostone ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Earth Sciences ; Fluids ; Geochemistry ; Geology ; High temperature ; Hydrothermal alteration ; Hydrothermal fields ; Inductively coupled plasma ; Isotopes ; Laser ablation ; Lasers ; Mass spectroscopy ; Mineral deposits ; Mineral Resources ; Mineralogy ; Minerals ; Petrography ; Petrology ; Precambrian ; Pyrite ; Rare earth elements ; Rocks ; Seawater ; Sediment deposits ; Sedimentary rocks ; Shale ; Shales ; Sulfides ; Sulphides ; Water analysis ; Yttrium ; Zinc
Is Part Of: Mineralium deposita, 2022-02, Vol.57 (2), p.187-206
Description: Carbonate minerals are ubiquitous in most sediment-hosted mineral deposits. These deposits can contain a variety of carbonate types with complex paragenetic relationships. When normalized to chondritic values (CN), rare-earth elements and yttrium (REE+Y CN ) can be used to constrain fluid chemistry and fluid-rock interaction processes in both low- and high-temperature settings. Unlike other phases (e.g., pyrite), the application of in situ laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (LA-ICP-MS) data to the differentiation of pre-ore and hydrothermal carbonates remains relatively untested. To assess the potential applicability of carbonate in situ REE+Y data, we combined transmitted light and cathodoluminescence (CL) petrography with LA-ICP-MS analysis of carbonate mineral phases from (1) the Proterozoic George Fisher clastic dominated (CD-type) massive sulfide deposit and from (2) correlative, barren host rock lithologies (Urquhart Shale Formation). The REE+Y CN composition of pre-ore calcite suggests it formed during diagenesis from diagenetic pore fluids derived from ferruginous, anoxic seawater. Hydrothermal and hydrothermally altered calcite and dolomite from George Fisher is generally more LREE depleted than the pre-ore calcite, whole-rock REE concentrations, and shale reference values. We suggest this is the result of hydrothermal alteration by saline Cl - -rich mineralizing fluids. Furthermore, the presence of both positive and negative Eu/Eu * values in calcite and dolomite indicates that the mineralizing fluids were relatively hot (>250°C) and cooled below 200–250°C during ore formation. This study confirms the hypothesis that in situ REE+Y data can be used to differentiate between pre-ore and hydrothermal carbonate and provide important constraints on the conditions of ore formation.
Publisher: Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Language: English
Identifier: ISSN: 0026-4598
EISSN: 1432-1866
DOI: 10.1007/s00126-021-01056-1
Source: AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central
Springer Open Access Journals

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Differentiating between hydrothermal and diagenetic carbonate using rare earth element and yttrium (REE+Y) geochemistry: a case study from the Paleoproterozoic George Fisher massive sulfide Zn deposit, Mount Isa, Australia

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