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Causal Associations of Education Level with Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular Biomarkers, and Socioeconomic Factors

The American journal of cardiology, 2024-02, Vol.213, p.76-85 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

2023 ;Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Inc. ;Copyright Elsevier Limited Feb 15, 2024 ;ISSN: 0002-9149 ;EISSN: 1879-1913 ;DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2023.06.044 ;PMID: 38199144

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Title:
Causal Associations of Education Level with Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular Biomarkers, and Socioeconomic Factors
Author: Hu, Mengjin ; Yang, Tao ; Yang, Yuejin
Subjects: Air pollution ; Biomarkers ; Blood pressure ; Body mass ; Body mass index ; Body size ; Cardiac arrhythmia ; cardiovascular biomarkers ; Cardiovascular disease ; Cardiovascular diseases ; Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology ; Cerebral infarction ; Cholesterol ; Congestive heart failure ; Consortia ; Coronary artery disease ; Diabetes ; Diabetes mellitus ; Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent) ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology ; Education ; education level ; Educational Status ; Exercise ; Family income ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Heart attacks ; Heart diseases ; Heart failure ; Higher education ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Ischemia ; Lipoproteins ; Mendelian randomization ; Mendelian Randomization Analysis - methods ; Myocardial infarction ; Observational studies ; Physical activity ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Pulmonary embolisms ; Sensitivity analysis ; Social factors ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Socioeconomics ; Stroke ; Telomeres ; Thromboembolism ; Thrombosis ; Transient ischemic attack ; Triglycerides ; Vascular diseases ; Vein & artery diseases
Is Part Of: The American journal of cardiology, 2024-02, Vol.213, p.76-85
Description: An inverse association of education level with cardiovascular diseases has been documented in observational studies, yet the causality and potential mechanisms remain to be determined. To systematically investigate the causal associations of education level with cardiovascular diseases, cardiovascular biomarkers, and socioeconomic factors, a two-sample Mendelian randomization was performed. The results revealed that higher genetically determined education level was associated with lower risks of type 2 diabetes (odd ratio [OR]=0.54; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.47-0.61; P=3.04 × 10−23), peripheral artery disease (OR=0.62; 95% CI: 0.51-0.76; P=2.14 × 10−06), hypertension (OR=0.62; 95% CI: 0.56-0.70; P=4.22 × 10−16), coronary heart disease (OR=0.62; 95% CI: 0.56-0.69; P=3.50 × 10−19), myocardial infarction (OR=0.62; 95% CI: 0.55-0.69; P=2.58 × 10−16), ischemic stroke (OR=0.67; 95% CI: 0.62-0.74; P=6.00 × 10−19), deep vein thrombosis (OR=0.69; 95% CI: 0.55-0.87; P=0.0017), atrial fibrillation (OR=0.70; 95% CI: 0.57-0.86; P=0.0007), cardiac death (OR=0.71; 95% CI: 0.60-0.86; P=0.0003), heart failure (OR=0.72; 95% CI: 0.65-0.79; P=6.37 × 10−12), transient ischemic attack (OR=0.76; 95% CI: 0.64-0.90; P=0.0010), and venous thromboembolism (OR=0.79; 95% CI: 0.67-0.92; P=0.0028). Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, C−reactive protein, body mass index, waist circumference, and triglycerides were decreased, whereas telomere length was increased. Individuals with higher education were less likely to smoke, intake salt, or be exposed to air pollution and depression state. They were more likely to take physical activity and possess more household income. In conclusion, higher education may causally decrease cardiovascular diseases through socioeconomic factors and cardiovascular biomarkers. Reducing education inequality is important in the management of cardiovascular diseases.
Publisher: United States: Elsevier Inc
Language: English
Identifier: ISSN: 0002-9149
EISSN: 1879-1913
DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2023.06.044
PMID: 38199144
Source: MEDLINE
ProQuest Central

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Causal Associations of Education Level with Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular Biomarkers, and Socioeconomic Factors

2023 ;Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Inc. ;Copyright Elsevier Limited Feb 15, 2024 ;ISSN: 0002-9149 ;EISSN: 1879-1913 ;DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2023.06.044 ;PMID: 38199144

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