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Risks of neonicotinoid insecticides to honeybees

Environmental toxicology and chemistry, 2014-04, Vol.33 (4), p.719-731 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

2014 The Authors. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. ;2015 INIST-CNRS ;2014 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. ;Copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Apr 2014 ;2014 The Authors. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc., on behalf of SEATC. 2014 ;ISSN: 0730-7268 ;EISSN: 1552-8618 ;DOI: 10.1002/etc.2527 ;PMID: 24692231 ;CODEN: ETOCDK

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Title:
Risks of neonicotinoid insecticides to honeybees
Author: Fairbrother, Anne ; Purdy, John ; Anderson, Troy ; Fell, Richard
Subjects: Animal, plant and microbial ecology ; Animals ; Apis mellifera ; application methods ; application rate ; Applied ecology ; Bees ; Bees - drug effects ; Bees - physiology ; Biological and medical sciences ; chemistry ; Cholinergic Agents - toxicity ; Colony Collapse - chemically induced ; Crops ; ecotoxicology ; Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution ; Effects of pollution and side effects of pesticides on protozoa and invertebrates ; Et&C Focus ; forage ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; fungi ; guttation ; habitat fragmentation ; honey bees ; Honeybee ; Insecticide ; Insecticides ; Insecticides - toxicity ; mammals ; mites ; nectar ; Neonicotinoid ; neonicotinoid insecticides ; nervous system ; Neurotoxicity ; nutrition ; parasites ; Plant reproduction ; pollen ; pollinators ; reproduction ; risk ; Risk Assessment ; Risk factors ; social insects ; toxicity ; transgenic plants ; viruses
Is Part Of: Environmental toxicology and chemistry, 2014-04, Vol.33 (4), p.719-731
Description: The European honeybee, Apis mellifera, is an important pollinator of agricultural crops. Since 2006, when unexpectedly high colony losses were first reported, articles have proliferated in the popular press suggesting a range of possible causes and raising alarm over the general decline of bees. Suggested causes include pesticides, genetically modified crops, habitat fragmentation, and introduced diseases and parasites. Scientists have concluded that multiple factors in various combinations—including mites, fungi, viruses, and pesticides, as well as other factors such as reduction in forage, poor nutrition, and queen failure—are the most probable cause of elevated colony loss rates. Investigators and regulators continue to focus on the possible role that insecticides, particularly the neonicotinoids, may play in honeybee health. Neonicotinoid insecticides are insect neurotoxicants with desirable features such as broad‐spectrum activity, low application rates, low mammalian toxicity, upward systemic movement in plants, and versatile application methods. Their distribution throughout the plant, including pollen, nectar, and guttation fluids, poses particular concern for exposure to pollinators. The authors describe how neonicotinoids interact with the nervous system of honeybees and affect individual honeybees in laboratory situations. Because honeybees are social insects, colony effects in semifield and field studies are discussed. The authors conclude with a review of current and proposed guidance in the United States and Europe for assessing the risks of pesticides to honeybees. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:719–731. © 2014 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc., on behalf of SEATC. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Publisher: Pensacola, FL: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Language: English
Identifier: ISSN: 0730-7268
EISSN: 1552-8618
DOI: 10.1002/etc.2527
PMID: 24692231
CODEN: ETOCDK
Source: MEDLINE
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Risks of neonicotinoid insecticides to honeybees

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