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The epidemiology and etiology of azoospermia

Clinics (São Paulo, Brazil), 2013-01, Vol.68 (Suppl 1), p.15-26 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

2013 CLINICS ;Copyright © 2013 Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSP 2013 ;This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. ;ISSN: 1807-5932 ;ISSN: 1980-5322 ;EISSN: 1980-5322 ;DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2013(Sup01)03 ;PMID: 23503951

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  • Title:
    The epidemiology and etiology of azoospermia
  • Author: Cocuzza, Marcello ; Alvarenga, Conrado ; Pagani, Rodrigo
  • Subjects: Azoospermia ; Azoospermia - classification ; Azoospermia - diagnosis ; Azoospermia - epidemiology ; Azoospermia - etiology ; Humans ; Infertility, Male - diagnosis ; Infertility, Male - epidemiology ; Infertility, Male - etiology ; Male ; Male Infertility ; MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL ; Review ; Semen Analysis
  • Is Part Of: Clinics (São Paulo, Brazil), 2013-01, Vol.68 (Suppl 1), p.15-26
  • Description: The misconception that infertility is typically associated with the female is commonly faced in the management of infertile men. It is uncommon for a patient to present for an infertility evaluation with an abnormal semen analysis report before an extensive female partner workup has been performed. Additionally, a man is usually considered fertile based only on seminal parameters without a physical exam. This behavior may lead to a delay in both the exact diagnosis and in possible specific infertility treatment. Moreover, male factor infertility can result from an underlying medical condition that is often treatable but could possibly be life-threatening. The responsibility of male factor in couple’s infertility has been exponentially rising in recent years due to a comprehensive evaluation of reproductive male function and improved diagnostic tools. Despite this improvement in diagnosis, azoospermia is always the most challenging topic associated with infertility treatment. Several conditions that interfere with spermatogenesis and reduce sperm production and quality can lead to azoospermia. Azoospermia may also occur because of a reproductive tract obstruction. Optimal management of patients with azoospermia requires a full understanding of the disease etiology. This review will discuss in detail the epidemiology and etiology of azoospermia. A thorough literature survey was performed using the Medline, EMBASE, BIOSIS, and Cochrane databases. We restricted the survey to clinical publications that were relevant to male infertility and azoospermia. Many of the recommendations included are not based on controlled studies.
  • Publisher: Brazil: Elsevier España, S.L.U
  • Language: English;Portuguese
  • Identifier: ISSN: 1807-5932
    ISSN: 1980-5322
    EISSN: 1980-5322
    DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2013(Sup01)03
    PMID: 23503951
  • Source: Open Access: PubMed Central
    SciELO
    Geneva Foundation Free Medical Journals at publisher websites
    MEDLINE
    DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals
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