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Early history of high-altitude physiology

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2016-02, Vol.1365 (1), p.33-42 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

2015 New York Academy of Sciences. ;ISSN: 0077-8923 ;EISSN: 1749-6632 ;DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12719 ;PMID: 25762218 ;CODEN: ANYAA9

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  • Title:
    Early history of high-altitude physiology
  • Author: West, John B.
  • Subjects: air pump ; Altitude ; Altitude Sickness - history ; Altitude Sickness - physiopathology ; Atmospheric Pressure ; barometer ; Barometric pressure ; Construction ; Exposure ; High altitude ; high-altitude expeditions ; high-altitude stations ; History, 18th Century ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Hyperbaric Oxygenation - history ; Low pressure ; Paul Bert ; Physiology ; Vacuum
  • Is Part Of: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2016-02, Vol.1365 (1), p.33-42
  • Description: High‐altitude physiology can be said to have begun in 1644 when Torricelli described the first mercury barometer and wrote the immortal words “We live submerged at the bottom of an ocean of the element air.” Interestingly, the notion of atmospheric pressure had eluded his teacher, the great Galileo. Blaise Pascal was responsible for describing the fall in pressure with increasing altitude, and Otto von Guericke gave a dramatic demonstration of the enormous force that could be developed by atmospheric pressure. Robert Boyle learned of Guericke's experiment and, with Robert Hooke, constructed the first air pump that allowed small animals to be exposed to a low pressure. Hooke also constructed a small low‐pressure chamber and exposed himself to a simulated altitude of about 2400 meters. With the advent of ballooning, humans were rapidly exposed to very low pressures, sometimes with tragic results. For example, the French balloon, Zénith, rose to over 8000 m, and two of the three aeronauts succumbed to the hypoxia. Paul Bert was the first person to clearly state that the deleterious effects of high altitude were caused by the low partial pressure of oxygen (PO2), and later research was accelerated by high‐altitude stations and expeditions to high altitude.
  • Publisher: United States: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Language: English
  • Identifier: ISSN: 0077-8923
    EISSN: 1749-6632
    DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12719
    PMID: 25762218
    CODEN: ANYAA9
  • Source: MEDLINE
    Alma/SFX Local Collection
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