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great human expansion

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 2012-10, Vol.109 (44), p.17758-17764 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

copyright © 1993-2008 National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America ;Copyright National Academy of Sciences Oct 30, 2012 ;ISSN: 0027-8424 ;EISSN: 1091-6490 ;DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1212380109 ;PMID: 23077256

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  • Title:
    great human expansion
  • Author: Henn, Brenna M ; Cavalli-Sforza, L. L ; Feldman, Marcus W
  • Subjects: Africa ; Biological Sciences ; Demography ; Evolutionary genetics ; Founder Effect ; Genetic diversity ; Genetic variation ; genome ; Genome, Human ; Genomes ; Genomics ; genotype ; Genotype & phenotype ; Human genetics ; Human Migration ; human population ; Humans ; Hunter gatherers ; Models, Theoretical ; natural selection ; parasites ; PERSPECTIVE ; phenotype ; Population genetics ; Population Growth ; social factors
  • Is Part Of: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 2012-10, Vol.109 (44), p.17758-17764
  • Description: Genetic and paleoanthropological evidence is in accord that today’s human population is the result of a great demic (demographic and geographic) expansion that began approximately 45,000 to 60,000 y ago in Africa and rapidly resulted in human occupation of almost all of the Earth’s habitable regions. Genomic data from contemporary humans suggest that this expansion was accompanied by a continuous loss of genetic diversity, a result of what is called the “serial founder effect.” In addition to genomic data, the serial founder effect model is now supported by the genetics of human parasites, morphology, and linguistics. This particular population history gave rise to the two defining features of genetic variation in humans: genomes from the substructured populations of Africa retain an exceptional number of unique variants, and there is a dramatic reduction in genetic diversity within populations living outside of Africa. These two patterns are relevant for medical genetic studies mapping genotypes to phenotypes and for inferring the power of natural selection in human history. It should be appreciated that the initial expansion and subsequent serial founder effect were determined by demographic and sociocultural factors associated with hunter-gatherer populations. How do we reconcile this major demic expansion with the population stability that followed for thousands years until the inventions of agriculture? We review advances in understanding the genetic diversity within Africa and the great human expansion out of Africa and offer hypotheses that can help to establish a more synthetic view of modern human evolution.
  • Publisher: United States: National Academy of Sciences
  • Language: English
  • Identifier: ISSN: 0027-8424
    EISSN: 1091-6490
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1212380109
    PMID: 23077256
  • Source: GFMER Free Medical Journals
    MEDLINE
    PubMed Central
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