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The PHA test reflects acquired T-cell mediated immunocompetence in birds

PloS one, 2008-09, Vol.3 (9), p.e3295-e3295 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

COPYRIGHT 2008 Public Library of Science ;2008 Tella et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. ;Tella et al. 2008 ;ISSN: 1932-6203 ;EISSN: 1932-6203 ;DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003295 ;PMID: 18820730

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Title:
The PHA test reflects acquired T-cell mediated immunocompetence in birds
Author: Tella, José L ; Lemus, Jesús A ; Carrete, Martina ; Blanco, Guillermo
Unutmaz, Derya
Subjects: Animals ; Birds ; Blood proteins ; Body mass ; Captivity ; CD4 antigen ; CD5 antigen ; CD8 antigen ; CD8 Antigens - metabolism ; Cell activation ; Cytometry ; Diet ; Ecology/Behavioral Ecology ; Ecology/Community Ecology and Biodiversity ; Ecology/Conservation and Restoration Ecology ; Ecology/Evolutionary Ecology ; Ecology/Global Change Ecology ; Ecology/Physiological Ecology ; Ecology/Population Ecology ; Evolutionary Biology/Animal Behavior ; Evolutionary Biology/Animal Genetics ; Evolutionary Biology/Evolutionary Ecology ; Experimental research ; Flow cytometry ; Gallus gallus ; Globulins ; Host-parasite interactions ; Immune response ; Immune System ; Immunocompetence ; Immunocompetence - immunology ; Immunology ; Immunology/Immune Response ; Inflammation ; Injection ; Kinases ; Larus argentatus ; Lymphocyte Activation - immunology ; Lymphocytes ; Lymphocytes - immunology ; Lymphocytes - metabolism ; Lymphocytes T ; Mitogens ; Models, Biological ; Models, Statistical ; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ; Parrots ; Physiology/Immune Response ; Phytohemagglutinins - immunology ; Plasma proteins ; Proteins ; Reptiles & amphibians ; Rodents ; Skin ; Skin tests ; Swelling ; T cell receptors ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets - immunology ; T-Lymphocytes - immunology ; Vertebrates
Is Part Of: PloS one, 2008-09, Vol.3 (9), p.e3295-e3295
Description: cological immunology requires techniques to reliably measure immunocompetence in wild vertebrates. The PHA-skin test, involving subcutaneous injection of a mitogen (phytohemagglutinin, PHA) and measurement of subsequent swelling as a surrogate of T-cell mediated immunocompetence, has been the test of choice due to its practicality and ease of use in the field. However, mechanisms involved in local immunological and inflammatory processes provoked by PHA are poorly known, and its use and interpretation as an acquired immune response is currently debated. Here, we present experimental work using a variety of parrot species, to ascertain whether PHA exposure produces larger secondary than primary responses as expected if the test reflects acquired immunocompetence. Moreover, we simultaneously quantified T-lymphocyte subsets (CD4(+), CD5(+) and CD8(+)) and plasma proteins circulating in the bloodstream, potentially involved in the immunological and inflammatory processes, through flow cytometry and electrophoresis. Our results showed stronger responses after a second PHA injection, independent of species, time elapsed and changes in body mass of birds between first and second injections, thus supporting the adaptive nature of this immune response. Furthermore, the concomitant changes in the plasma concentrations of T-lymphocyte subsets and globulins indicate a causal link between the activation of the T-cell mediated immune system and local tissue swelling. These findings justify the widespread use of the PHA-skin test as a reliable evaluator of acquired T-cell mediated immunocompetence in diverse biological disciplines. Further experimental research should be aimed at evaluating the relative role of innate immunocompetence in wild conditions, where the access to dietary proteins varies more than in captivity, and to ascertain how PHA responses relate to particular host-parasite interactions.
Publisher: United States: Public Library of Science
Language: English
Identifier: ISSN: 1932-6203
EISSN: 1932-6203
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003295
PMID: 18820730
Source: GFMER Free Medical Journals
MEDLINE
PubMed Central
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
ProQuest Central
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals

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The PHA test reflects acquired T-cell mediated immunocompetence in birds

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