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Prevention of Firearm Suicide in the United States: What Works and What Is Possible

The American journal of psychiatry, 2016-10, Vol.173 (10), p.969-979 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

Copyright © 2016 by the American Psychiatric Association 2016 ;Copyright American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc. Oct 1, 2016 ;ISSN: 0002-953X ;EISSN: 1535-7228 ;DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.16010069 ;PMID: 27444796 ;CODEN: AJPSAO

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  • Title:
    Prevention of Firearm Suicide in the United States: What Works and What Is Possible
  • Author: Mann, J. John ; Michel, Christina A
  • Subjects: Federal legislation ; Firearms ; Firearms - legislation & jurisprudence ; Firearms - statistics & numerical data ; Health Policy - legislation & jurisprudence ; Humans ; Ownership - legislation & jurisprudence ; Ownership - statistics & numerical data ; Risk assessment ; Suicide - prevention & control ; Suicide - statistics & numerical data ; Suicides & suicide attempts ; United States - epidemiology
  • Is Part Of: The American journal of psychiatry, 2016-10, Vol.173 (10), p.969-979
  • Description: Objective:About 21,000 suicides in the United States in 2014 involved a firearm. The authors reviewed evidence from around the world regarding the relationship between firearm ownership rates and firearm suicide rates and the potential effectiveness of policy-based strategies for preventing firearm suicides in the United States.Method:Relevant publications were identified by searches of PubMed, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar from 1980 to September 2015, using the search terms suicide AND firearms OR guns. Excluding duplicates, 1,687 results were found, 60 of which were selected for inclusion; these sources yielded an additional 10 studies, for a total of 70 studies.Results:Case-control and ecological studies investigating geographic and temporal variations in firearm ownership and firearm suicide rates indicate that greater firearm availability is associated with higher firearm suicide rates. Time-series analyses, mostly from other countries, show that legislation reducing firearm ownership lowers firearm suicide rates. Because the Second Amendment curtails legislation broadly restricting firearm access in the United States, the emphasis is shifted to restricting access for those at risk of harming themselves or others. Most suicides involve guns purchased years earlier. Targeted initiatives like gun violence restraining orders, smart gun technology, and gun safety education campaigns potentially reduce access to already purchased firearms by suicidal individuals. Such measures are too new to have evidence of effectiveness.Conclusions:Broadly reducing availability and access to firearms has lowered firearm suicide rates in other countries but does not appear feasible in the United States. Approaches restricting access of at-risk individuals to already purchased firearms by engaging the public and major stakeholders require urgent implementation and outcome evaluation for firearm suicide prevention.
  • Publisher: United States: American Psychiatric Association
  • Language: English
  • Identifier: ISSN: 0002-953X
    EISSN: 1535-7228
    DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.16010069
    PMID: 27444796
    CODEN: AJPSAO
  • Source: MEDLINE
    Alma/SFX Local Collection
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