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HIV Nef is Secreted in Exosomes and Triggers Apoptosis in Bystander CD4+ T Cells

Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark), 2010-01, Vol.11 (1), p.110-122 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S ;ISSN: 1398-9219 ;EISSN: 1600-0854 ;DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2009.01006.x ;PMID: 19912576

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Title:
HIV Nef is Secreted in Exosomes and Triggers Apoptosis in Bystander CD4+ T Cells
Author: Lenassi, Metka ; Cagney, Gerard ; Liao, Maofu ; Vaupotič, Tomaž ; Bartholomeeusen, Koen ; Cheng, Yifan ; Krogan, Nevan J. ; Plemenitaš, Ana ; Peterlin, B. Matija
Subjects: AIDS ; Apoptosis ; Bystander Effect ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - pathology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - virology ; Cell Membrane - metabolism ; exosome ; Exosomes - secretion ; Exosomes - ultrastructure ; Exosomes - virology ; Flow Cytometry ; Green Fluorescent Proteins - genetics ; HeLa Cells ; HIV ; HIV-1 - metabolism ; Humans ; Immunoblotting ; Jurkat Cells ; Luciferases - genetics ; Microscopy, Electron ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; multivesicular body ; Nef ; nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus - biosynthesis ; nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus - genetics ; nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus - physiology ; nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus - secretion ; Plasmids ; T cell activation ; Transfection ; Virion - metabolism
Is Part Of: Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark), 2010-01, Vol.11 (1), p.110-122
Description: The HIV accessory protein negative factor (Nef) is one of the earliest and most abundantly expressed viral proteins. It is also found in the serum of infected individuals (Caby MP, Lankar D, Vincendeau‐Scherrer C, Raposo G, Bonnerot C. Exosomal‐like vesicles are present in human blood plasma. Int Immunol 2005;17:879–887). Extracellular Nef protein has deleterious effects on CD4+ T cells (James CO, Huang MB, Khan M, Garcia‐Barrio M, Powell MD, Bond VC. Extracellular Nef protein targets CD4+ T cells for apoptosis by interacting with CXCR4 surface receptors. J Virol 2004;78:3099–3109), the primary targets of HIV, and can suppress immunoglobulin class switching in bystander B cells (Qiao X, He B, Chiu A, Knowles DM, Chadburn A, Cerutti A. Human immunodeficiency virus 1 Nef suppresses CD40‐dependent immunoglobulin class switching in bystander B cells. Nat Immunol 2006;7:302–310). Nevertheless, the mode of exit of Nef from infected cells remains a conundrum. We found that Nef stimulates its own export via the release of exosomes from all cells examined. Depending on its intracellular location, these Nef exosomes form at the plasma membrane, late endosomes or both compartments in Jurkat, SupT1 and primary T cells, respectively. Nef release through exosomes is conserved also during HIV‐1 infection of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). Released Nef exosomes cause activation‐induced cell death of resting PBLs in vitro. Thus, HIV‐infected cells export Nef in bioactive vesicles, which facilitate the depletion of CD4+ T cells that is a hallmark of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
Publisher: Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Language: English
Identifier: ISSN: 1398-9219
EISSN: 1600-0854
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2009.01006.x
PMID: 19912576
Source: IngentaConnect Free/Open Access Journals
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HIV Nef is Secreted in Exosomes and Triggers Apoptosis in Bystander CD4+ T Cells

2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S ;ISSN: 1398-9219 ;EISSN: 1600-0854 ;DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2009.01006.x ;PMID: 19912576

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