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Anaphase A: Disassembling Microtubules Move Chromosomes toward Spindle Poles

Biology (Basel, Switzerland), 2017-02, Vol.6 (1), p.15 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

Copyright MDPI AG 2017 ;2017 by the author. 2017 ;ISSN: 2079-7737 ;EISSN: 2079-7737 ;DOI: 10.3390/biology6010015 ;PMID: 28218660

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  • Title:
    Anaphase A: Disassembling Microtubules Move Chromosomes toward Spindle Poles
  • Author: Asbury, Charles L
  • Subjects: anaphase A ; biased diffusion ; chromosome-to-pole motion ; conformational wave ; kinetochore ; microtubule poleward flux ; Review
  • Is Part Of: Biology (Basel, Switzerland), 2017-02, Vol.6 (1), p.15
  • Description: The separation of sister chromatids during anaphase is the culmination of mitosis and one of the most strikingly beautiful examples of cellular movement. It consists of two distinct processes: Anaphase A, the movement of chromosomes toward spindle poles via shortening of the connecting fibers, and anaphase B, separation of the two poles from one another via spindle elongation. I focus here on anaphase A chromosome-to-pole movement. The chapter begins by summarizing classical observations of chromosome movements, which support the current understanding of anaphase mechanisms. Live cell fluorescence microscopy studies showed that poleward chromosome movement is associated with disassembly of the kinetochore-attached microtubule fibers that link chromosomes to poles. Microtubule-marking techniques established that kinetochore-fiber disassembly often occurs through loss of tubulin subunits from the kinetochore-attached plus ends. In addition, kinetochore-fiber disassembly in many cells occurs partly through 'flux', where the microtubules flow continuously toward the poles and tubulin subunits are lost from minus ends. Molecular mechanistic models for how load-bearing attachments are maintained to disassembling microtubule ends, and how the forces are generated to drive these disassembly-coupled movements, are discussed.
  • Publisher: Switzerland: MDPI AG
  • Language: English
  • Identifier: ISSN: 2079-7737
    EISSN: 2079-7737
    DOI: 10.3390/biology6010015
    PMID: 28218660
  • Source: PubMed Central (Open access)
    AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central
    ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources
    DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
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