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Impacts of 25 years of groundwater extraction on subsidence in the Mekong delta, Vietnam

Environmental research letters, 2017-06, Vol.12 (6), p.064006-064006 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

2017 IOP Publishing Ltd ;2017. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. ;ISSN: 1748-9326 ;EISSN: 1748-9326 ;DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/aa7146 ;PMID: 30344619 ;CODEN: ERLNAL

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  • Title:
    Impacts of 25 years of groundwater extraction on subsidence in the Mekong delta, Vietnam
  • Author: Minderhoud, P S J ; Erkens, G ; Pham, V H ; Bui, V T ; Erban, L ; Kooi, H ; Stouthamer, E
  • Subjects: Aquifers ; Delta subsidence ; Deltas ; Depletion ; Exploitation ; Flooding ; Geology ; Groundwater ; groundwater exploitation ; Groundwater levels ; Hydrogeology ; iMOD ; modelling ; Overexploitation ; Salinization ; Sea level rise ; Storm surges ; Subsidence ; Three dimensional models ; Water table
  • Is Part Of: Environmental research letters, 2017-06, Vol.12 (6), p.064006-064006
  • Description: Many major river deltas in the world are subsiding and consequently become increasingly vulnerable to flooding and storm surges, salinization and permanent inundation. For the Mekong Delta, annual subsidence rates up to several centimetres have been reported. Excessive groundwater extraction is suggested as the main driver. As groundwater levels drop, subsidence is induced through aquifer compaction. Over the past 25 years, groundwater exploitation has increased dramatically, transforming the delta from an almost undisturbed hydrogeological state to a situation with increasing aquifer depletion. Yet the exact contribution of groundwater exploitation to subsidence in the Mekong delta has remained unknown. In this study we deployed a delta-wide modelling approach, comprising a 3D hydrogeological model with an integrated subsidence module. This provides a quantitative spatially-explicit assessment of groundwater extraction-induced subsidence for the entire Mekong delta since the start of widespread overexploitation of the groundwater reserves. We find that subsidence related to groundwater extraction has gradually increased in the past decades with highest sinking rates at present. During the past 25 years, the delta sank on average ∼18 cm as a consequence of groundwater withdrawal. Current average subsidence rates due to groundwater extraction in our best estimate model amount to 1.1 cm yr−1, with areas subsiding over 2.5 cm yr−1, outpacing global sea level rise almost by an order of magnitude. Given the increasing trends in groundwater demand in the delta, the current rates are likely to increase in the near future.
  • Publisher: England: IOP Publishing
  • Language: English
  • Identifier: ISSN: 1748-9326
    EISSN: 1748-9326
    DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/aa7146
    PMID: 30344619
    CODEN: ERLNAL
  • Source: IOP Publishing Free Content
    IOPscience (Open Access)
    GFMER Free Medical Journals
    ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources
    ProQuest Central
    DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
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