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Bruno taut and the program for the protection of monuments in Turkey : ankara, edirne ve bursa

Mimarlık Fakültesi dergisi, 2010-12, Vol.27 (2), p.15 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

COPYRIGHT 2010 Middle East Technical University ;ISSN: 0258-5316 ;DOI: 10.4305/METU.JFA.2010.2.2

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  • Title:
    Bruno taut and the program for the protection of monuments in Turkey : ankara, edirne ve bursa
  • Author: Gasco, Giorgio
  • Subjects: Archaeology ; Case studies ; Protection and preservation
  • Is Part Of: Mimarlık Fakültesi dergisi, 2010-12, Vol.27 (2), p.15
  • Description: In 1933 the Ministry of Education set up a program for the protection of Turkish monuments that marks the beginning in the country of restoration works characterized by a scientific and systematic approach (1). Right at the beginning of the operative phase of the program, the German architect Bruno Taut was officially asked by the Ministry to give his professional opinion in three different episodes: the restoration of Mahmut Pasa Bedesteni in Ankara, the monitoring phase to evaluate the condition of several monuments in Edirne, the restoration of Yesil Turbe in Bursa. The paper offers a critical reading of these episodes on the base of important documentary sources, in the attempt of re-constructing both their chronological sequence and historical background. The most valuable document this paper refers to is the Istanbul Journal, the diary in which Taut recorded the main episodes of his professional agenda in Turkey. Together with this primary source other evidences come from secondary sources included in various Turkish publications, especially the report published in 1935 by the Committee for the Protection of Monuments (Anitlari Koruma Komisyonu). In the case of the restoration of Yesil Turbe in Bursa then the author had the chance to refer to a Taut's unpublished text: Bericht uber die Renovierung der Yesil Turbe, the report Taut drew up in analyzing the monument. This is a clear evidence of the official character of this assignment and moreover it represents a source of a paramount importance not only to investigate the relationship between Taut and restoration principles but especially to re-formulate his professional status inside the operative structure of the Ministry of Education. These episodes offer a new angle from which is possible to evaluate the effort of the Ministry in setting the restoration program as a national project aimed at grounding the identity of the new state on its historical heritage. The editing of the monuments as national icons, prime strategy implied in Ministry's policy, characterizes indeed the work agenda of the selected case studies and clears up the decision to make use of foreign experts' opinion. By this point of view this side of Taut's professional activity in Turkey, until now quite ignored, turns to be essential in order to evaluate his role in the re-elaboration of monuments for the benefit of state ideology and his contribution on the topic right at the beginning of the construction of a restoration culture in Turkey. Received: 13.10.2008, Final Text: 22.06.2010 Keywords: Mahmut Pasa Bedesteni; Yesil Turbe; restoration; national identity; monuments; national icons; Ministry of Education; Bruno Taut. 1933 yilinda Maarif Vekaleti (Milli Egitim Bakanligi) tarafindan, ulkede bilimsel ve sistematik bir bicimde gerceklestirilen restorasyon calismalarinin baslangicina isaret eden, Turk anitlarinin korunmasi icin bir program olusturuldu. Programin yururluge konma asamasinda Alman mimar Bruno Taut uc farkli konuda profesyonel gorusunu sunmak uzere Bakanlik tarafindan resmi olarak davet edildi: Ankara'daki Mahmut Pasa Bedesteni restorasyonu, Edirne'deki bazi anitlarin durumunun degerlendirilme surecinin incelenmesi, Bursa'daki Yesil Turbe'nin restorasyonu. Bu calisma, yukarida sozedilen uc konunun kronolojik olarak gelisme sureclerini ve iceriklerinin tarihi arka planini yeniden duzenlemek icin girisimde bulunmanin yani sira, onemli belgesel kaynaklari temel alan degerlendirmeye yonelik yorumlarini sunmaktadir. Taut'un Turkiye'deki profesyonel gundeminin onemli basliklarini kaydettigi Istanbul Gunlugu (Istanbul Journal) calismanin referans kabul ettigi en onemli belgedir. Bu birincil kaynakla beraber, diger kanitlar ozellikle Anitlari Koruma Komisyonu'nun 1935 yilinda yayinladigi raporu da iceren cesitli Turkce yayinlardan olusan ikincil kaynaklardan gelmektedir. Bursa'daki Yesil Turbe restorasyonu konusunda, Taut'un aniti analiz ettigi yayinlanmamis calismasi olan "Bericht Uber Die Renovierung Der Yesil Turbe"ye referans gosterme firsati bulunmustur. Bu belge Taut'a verilen gorevin resmi boyutunu yansitmanin otesinde, Taut ile restorasyon prensipleri arasindaki iliskiyi ve ozellikle onun Bakanliktaki profesyonel statusunun yeniden duzenlenmesinin incelenmesi acisindan cok onemli bir kaynagi temsil etmektedir. Taut'un Ankara, Edirne ve Bursa'daki soz konusu calismalari; Bakanligin, tarihi miras uzerinde yeni devletin kimligini insa etmek amaciyla bir ulusal proje olarak, restorasyon programini kurma cabalarini degerlendirmeyi mumkun kilan yeni bakis acilari onermektedir. Bakanligin konuyu ele alisinda en onemli strateji olarak gorulen, anitlari "milli" semboller olarak duzenleme dusuncesi, aslinda bu makale kapsaminda secilen uc konunun calisma gundemini karakterize etmekte ve ayni zamanda Bakanligin yabanci uzman gorusunden faydalanma nedenini acikliga kavusturmaktadir. Bugune kadar pek uzerinde durulmayan, Taut'un Turkiye'deki profesyonel etkinliklerine bu acidan bakilmasi, onun devlet ideolojisi yararina anitlarin yeniden analiz edilmesindeki rolu ve Turkiye'de restorasyon kulturunun kurulmasi sirasinda katkilarini degerlendirmek icin onem gostermektedir. Alini: 13.10.2008, Son Metin: 22.06.2010 Anahtar Sozcukler: Mahmut Pasa Bedesteni; Yesil Turbe; restorasyon; milli kimlik; anitlar; milli semboller; Maarif Vekaleti, Milli Egitim Bakanligi; Bruno Taut.
  • Publisher: Middle East Technical University
  • Language: Turkish
  • Identifier: ISSN: 0258-5316
    DOI: 10.4305/METU.JFA.2010.2.2
  • Source: Alma/SFX Local Collection
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