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The 2 x 2 Achievement Goal Model in a Summer Sports Camp

Research quarterly for exercise and sport, 2016-06, Vol.87 (S2), p.A21 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

Copyright Taylor & Francis Ltd. 2016 ;ISSN: 0270-1367 ;EISSN: 2168-3824 ;CODEN: RQESD4

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  • Title:
    The 2 x 2 Achievement Goal Model in a Summer Sports Camp
  • Author: Lee, Jihye ; Xiang, Ping ; McBride, Ron E ; Liu, Jiling ; Latterman, Larry ; Scarmardo, Melissa ; Juzaily, Nasnoor
  • Subjects: Motivation
  • Is Part Of: Research quarterly for exercise and sport, 2016-06, Vol.87 (S2), p.A21
  • Description: The 2 £ 2 achievement goal model (Elliot & McGregor, 2001) distinguishes 4 types of achievement goals: mastery-approach (MAp), masteryavoidance (MAv), performance-approach (PAp), and performance-avoidance (PAv). Research supports this model and reveals that, compared with the other 3 goals, MAp is more consistently related to positive outcomes such as intrinsic motivation, effort, and performance in physical activity (e.g., Guan, McBride, & Xiang, 2007). However, the 2 £ 2 model has rarely been utilized to understand motivation-related outcomes in summer sports camps, especially among socially disadvantaged populations. The purpose of this study was to examine the differentiation of the 4 achievement goals and their prediction of effort among adolescent at-risk boys at a summer sports camp. As part of a larger project, the present study took place during a 3-week summer sports camp located in the Southwestern United States. Participants were 128 at-risk boys aged 10 to 14 years old (M ¼ 11.60, SD ¼ 1.24). The population was 50.8% Hispanic American, 23.8% Caucasian American, 20.6% African American, and 4.8% Other. A questionnaire assessed 4 achievement goals and effort, with the stem, "In my physical activity sessions at this camp..." All items were adapted from Guan et al. (2007) and Xiang and Lee (2002) on a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from 1 (not at all true) to 5 (very true for me). A 4-factor confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) revealed a poor model fit(x2/df ¼ 1.848, Comparative Fit Index [CFI] ¼ .887, Tucker-Lewis Index [TLI] ¼ .800, root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] ¼ .082); modification indexes suggested the removal of PAv. The second CFA yielded an excellent fit between the 3-factor model and the data (x2/df ¼ 1.280,CFI ¼ .975,TLI ¼ .953,RMSEA ¼ .047). Cronbach's alphas for MAp, MAv, PAp, and effort scores were .729, .715, .789, and .795, respectively. Multiple regression analysis revealed the 3 achievement goals collectively accounted for 36.1% of the variance in effort, F(3, 124) ¼ 23.36, p , .001, and MAp emerged as the sole significant predictor (b ¼ .574, t ¼ 7.258, p , .001) of effort. Only MAp, MAv, and PAp were distinguishable among at-risk boys in this study. Consistent with previous research, MAp positively predicted boys' effort, providing additional support for the importance of an MAp orientation in physical activity settings. Because this study is the first to examine the differentiation of the 4 achievement goals proposed in the 2 £ 2 model among at-risk boys in a summer sports camp, more research is needed to confirm or refute this finding.
  • Publisher: Washington: Taylor & Francis Ltd
  • Language: English
  • Identifier: ISSN: 0270-1367
    EISSN: 2168-3824
    CODEN: RQESD4
  • Source: ProQuest Central
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