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A Comprehensive Review on Therapeutic Perspectives of Phytosterols in Insulin Resistance: A Mechanistic Approach

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2022-02, Vol.27 (5), p.1595 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. ;2022 by the authors. 2022 ;ISSN: 1420-3049 ;EISSN: 1420-3049 ;DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051595 ;PMID: 35268696

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Title:
A Comprehensive Review on Therapeutic Perspectives of Phytosterols in Insulin Resistance: A Mechanistic Approach
Author: Prasad, Monisha ; Jayaraman, Selvaraj ; Eladl, Mohamed Ahmed ; El-Sherbiny, Mohamed ; Abdelrahman, Mosaab Abdella Ebrahim ; Veeraraghavan, Vishnu Priya ; Vengadassalapathy, Srinivasan ; Umapathy, Vidhya Rekha ; Jaffer Hussain, Shazia Fathima ; Krishnamoorthy, Kalaiselvi ; Sekar, Durairaj ; Palanisamy, Chella Perumal ; Mohan, Surapaneni Krishna ; Rajagopal, Ponnulakshmi
Subjects: Adipose tissue ; Cardiovascular disease ; Cardiovascular diseases ; Cellular structure ; Cereals ; Cholesterol ; Cinnamic acid ; Complications ; Cytochrome ; Cytokines ; Depletion ; Diabetes ; Diabetes mellitus ; Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent) ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - chemically induced ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - drug therapy ; Diet ; Enzymes ; Esters ; Fatty acids ; Food ; Free form ; Fruits ; Functional foods & nutraceuticals ; Glucose ; Glucose metabolism ; Glycosides ; Health risks ; Human tissues ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; Insulin ; Insulin Resistance ; Legumes ; Lipid metabolism ; Lipids ; Liver ; Metabolic disorders ; Metabolism ; Molecular structure ; Muscles ; Natural products ; Nuts ; Obesity ; Olive oil ; Phytosterols ; Phytosterols - pharmacology ; Phytosterols - therapeutic use ; Plants ; Plasma ; Review ; Skeletal muscle ; Sterols ; Structure-function relationships ; therapeutic implications ; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF ; Wood pulp
Is Part Of: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2022-02, Vol.27 (5), p.1595
Description: Natural products in the form of functional foods have become increasingly popular due to their protective effects against life-threatening diseases, low risk of adverse effects, affordability, and accessibility. Plant components such as phytosterol, in particular, have drawn a lot of press recently due to a link between their consumption and a modest incidence of global problems, such as Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cancer, and cardiovascular disease. In the management of diet-related metabolic diseases, such as T2DM and cardiovascular disorders, these plant-based functional foods and nutritional supplements have unquestionably led the market in terms of cost-effectiveness, therapeutic efficacy, and safety. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder categoriszed by high blood sugar and insulin resistance, which influence major metabolic organs, such as the liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle. These chronic hyperglycemia fallouts result in decreased glucose consumption by body cells, increased fat mobilisation from fat storage cells, and protein depletion in human tissues, keeping the tissues in a state of crisis. In addition, functional foods such as phytosterols improve the body's healing process from these crises by promoting a proper physiological metabolism and cellular activities. They are plant-derived steroid molecules having structure and function similar to cholesterol, which is found in vegetables, grains, nuts, olive oil, wood pulp, legumes, cereals, and leaves, and are abundant in nature, along with phytosterol derivatives. The most copious phytosterols seen in the human diet are sitosterol, stigmasterol, and campesterol, which can be found in free form, as fatty acid/cinnamic acid esters or as glycosides processed by pancreatic enzymes. Accumulating evidence reveals that phytosterols and diets enriched with them can control glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as insulin resistance. Despite this, few studies on the advantages of sterol control in diabetes care have been published. As a basis, the primary objective of this review is to convey extensive updated information on the possibility of managing diabetes and associated complications with sterol-rich foods in molecular aspects.
Publisher: Switzerland: MDPI AG
Language: English
Identifier: ISSN: 1420-3049
EISSN: 1420-3049
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051595
PMID: 35268696
Source: Geneva Foundation Free Medical Journals at publisher websites
MEDLINE
PubMed Central
Alma/SFX Local Collection
ProQuest Central
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals

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A Comprehensive Review on Therapeutic Perspectives of Phytosterols in Insulin Resistance: A Mechanistic Approach

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