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The Role of Disorder in Filler Reinforcement of Elastomers on Various Length Scales

Filler-Reinforced Elastomers Scanning Force Microscopy, 2014, p.1-86 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2003 ;ISSN: 0065-3195 ;ISBN: 3540005307 ;ISBN: 9783540005308 ;EISSN: 1436-5030 ;EISBN: 3540364382 ;EISBN: 9783540364382 ;DOI: 10.1007/b11054

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  • Title:
    The Role of Disorder in Filler Reinforcement of Elastomers on Various Length Scales
  • Author: Klüppel, Manfred
  • Subjects: Constitutive material laws ; Disordered structures ; Elastomer composites ; Filler networking ; Micro-mechanics ; Reinforcement
  • Is Part Of: Filler-Reinforced Elastomers Scanning Force Microscopy, 2014, p.1-86
  • Description: The chapter considers the disordered nature of filler networks on different length scales and relates it to the specific reinforcing properties of active fillers in elastomer composites. On nanoscopic length scales, the surface structure and primary aggregate morphology of carbon blacks, the most widely used filler in technical rubber goods, are analyzed by static gas adsorption and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques, respectively. They are found to be closely related to two distinct disordered growth mechanisms during carbon black processing, surface growth and aggregate growth. The role of disorder becomes also apparent on mesoscopic length scales of elastomer composites, where a filler network in formed due to attractive filler-filler interactions. An analysis of the d.c.-conductivity and dielectric properties of conductive carbon black-rubber composites indicates that no universal percolation structure is realized, but a superimposed kinetic aggregation mechanism of the particles takes place. The assumed kinetic cluster-cluster aggregation (CCA) of filler particles in elastomers is confirmed by the predicted scaling behavior of the small strain elastic modulus. Based on the analysis of in-rubber morphology of filler particles and clusters on nanoscopic and mesoscopic length scales, a constitutive micro-mechanical model of stress softening and hysteresis of filler reinforced rubbers up to large strain is developed. It refers to a non-affine tube model of rubber elasticity, including hydrodynamic amplification of the rubber matrix by a fraction of rigid filler clusters with filler-filler bonds in the unbroken, virgin state. The filler-induced hysteresis is described by an anisotropic free energy density, considering the cyclic breakdown and re-aggregation of the residual fraction of more fragile filler clusters with already broken filler-filler bonds. Experimental investigations of the quasi-static stress-strain behavior of silica and carbon black filled rubbers up to large strain agree well with adaptations found by the developed model.
  • Publisher: Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
  • Language: English
  • Identifier: ISSN: 0065-3195
    ISBN: 3540005307
    ISBN: 9783540005308
    EISSN: 1436-5030
    EISBN: 3540364382
    EISBN: 9783540364382
    DOI: 10.1007/b11054
  • Source: Alma/SFX Local Collection
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