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Complete Genome of the Uncultured Termite Group 1 Bacteria in a Single Host Protist Cell

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 2008-04, Vol.105 (14), p.5555-5560 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

Copyright 2008 The National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America ;Copyright National Academy of Sciences Apr 8, 2008 ;2008 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA ;ISSN: 0027-8424 ;EISSN: 1091-6490 ;DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0801389105 ;PMID: 18391199

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Title:
Complete Genome of the Uncultured Termite Group 1 Bacteria in a Single Host Protist Cell
Author: Hongoh, Yuichi ; Sharma, Vineet K. ; Prakash, Tulika ; Noda, Satoko ; Taylor, Todd D. ; Kudo, Toshiaki ; Sakaki, Yoshiyuki ; Toyoda, Atsushi ; Hattori, Masahira ; Ohkuma, Moriya
Subjects: Animals ; Bacteria ; Bacteria - genetics ; Bacteria - metabolism ; Bacteriology ; Base Sequence ; Biological Sciences ; Biosynthesis ; Cell walls ; Chromosomes ; Genes ; Genes, Bacterial ; Genetic research ; Genome, Bacterial ; Genomes ; Genomics ; Intestines - microbiology ; Isoptera ; Isoptera - microbiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques ; Prokaryotic cells ; Pseudogenes ; Symbionts ; Symbiosis ; Termites
Is Part Of: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 2008-04, Vol.105 (14), p.5555-5560
Description: Termites harbor a symbiotic gut microbial community that is responsible for their ability to thrive on recalcitrant plant matter. The community comprises diverse microorganisms, most of which are as yet uncultivable; the detailed symbiotic mechanism remains unclear. Here, we present the first complete genome sequence of a termite gut symbiont-an uncultured bacterium named Rs-D17 belonging to the candidate phylum Termite Group 1 (TG1). TG1 is a dominant group in termite guts, found as intracellular symbionts of various cellulolytic protists, without any physiological information. To acquire the complete genome sequence, we collected Rs-D17 cells from only a single host protist cell to minimize their genomic variation and performed isothermal whole-genome amplification. This strategy enabled us to reconstruct a circular chromosome (1,125,857 bp) encoding 761 putative protein-coding genes. The genome additionally contains 121 pseudogenes assigned to categories, such as cell wall biosynthesis, regulators, transporters, and defense mechanisms. Despite its apparent reductive evolution, the ability to synthesize 15 amino acids and various cofactors is retained, some of these genes having been duplicated. Considering that diverse termite-gut protists harbor TG1 bacteria, we suggest that this bacterial group plays a key role in the gut symbiotic system by stably supplying essential nitrogenous compounds deficient in lignocelluloses to their host protists and the termites. Our results provide a breakthrough to clarify the functions of and the interactions among the individual members of this multilayered symbiotic complex.
Publisher: United States: National Academy of Sciences
Language: English
Identifier: ISSN: 0027-8424
EISSN: 1091-6490
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0801389105
PMID: 18391199
Source: Geneva Foundation Free Medical Journals at publisher websites
MEDLINE
PubMed Central

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Complete Genome of the Uncultured Termite Group 1 Bacteria in a Single Host Protist Cell

Copyright 2008 The National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America ;Copyright National Academy of Sciences Apr 8, 2008 ;2008 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA ;ISSN: 0027-8424 ;EISSN: 1091-6490 ;DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0801389105 ;PMID: 18391199

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