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Rewards, aversions and affect in adolescence: emerging convergences across laboratory animal and human data

Developmental cognitive neuroscience, 2011-10, Vol.1 (4), p.392-403 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 2011 Elsevier Ltd ;ISSN: 1878-9293 ;EISSN: 1878-9307 ;DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2011.08.001 ;PMID: 21918675

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  • Title:
    Rewards, aversions and affect in adolescence: emerging convergences across laboratory animal and human data
  • Author: Spear, Linda Patia
  • Subjects: Adolescent ; Affect - physiology ; Animals ; Animals, Laboratory - physiology ; Avoidance Learning - physiology ; Humans ; Review ; Reward ; Species Specificity
  • Is Part Of: Developmental cognitive neuroscience, 2011-10, Vol.1 (4), p.392-403
  • Description: The adolescent transition is associated with increases in reward- and sensation-seeking, peer-directed social interactions, and risk-taking, with exploratory use of alcohol and other drugs often beginning at this time. These age-related behaviors may have biological roots embedded in the evolutionary past, with similar adolescent-typical characteristics evident across a variety of mammalian species. Drawing across human behavioral and fMRI data and studies conducting in laboratory animals, this review examines processing of rewards, aversions, and affect in adolescence. Evidence for both hyper- and hypo-reactivity during adolescence in the processing of rewards is reviewed, along with possible contributors to these differences. Indications of sometimes heightened reward reactivity during adolescence are contrasted with frequent attenuations in adolescent sensitivity to aversive stimuli. At the same time, adolescents appear particularly prone to becoming emotionally aroused, especially in social contexts. Emerging evidence hints that exaggerated adolescent reactivity in reward and affective systems may be promoted in part by unusual strong cross-reactivity between these systems during adolescence. Such age-related propensities may promote adolescent risk taking, especially in social and exciting contexts, and contribute to adolescent-typical propensities to attach greater benefit and less cost to risky behaviors such as alcohol and drug use than individuals at other ages.
  • Publisher: Netherlands: Elsevier
  • Language: English
  • Identifier: ISSN: 1878-9293
    EISSN: 1878-9307
    DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2011.08.001
    PMID: 21918675
  • Source: PubMed (Medline)
    MEDLINE
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