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Residual pollutants in treated pulp paper mill wastewater and their phytotoxicity and cytotoxicity in Allium cepa

Environmental geochemistry and health, 2021-05, Vol.43 (5), p.2143-2164 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

Springer Nature B.V. 2021 ;COPYRIGHT 2021 Springer ;Springer Nature B.V. 2021. ;ISSN: 0269-4042 ;EISSN: 1573-2983 ;DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00730-z ;PMID: 33400008

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Title:
Residual pollutants in treated pulp paper mill wastewater and their phytotoxicity and cytotoxicity in Allium cepa
Author: Sharma, Pooja ; Purchase, Diane ; Chandra, Ram
Subjects: Allium cepa ; Analytical methods ; Anaphase ; Antioxidants ; Aquatic organisms ; Auxin ; Auxins ; Benzamide ; Biodegradability ; Biodegradation ; Biodegradation, Environmental ; Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis ; Cadmium ; Cap formation ; Cell division ; Chemical analysis ; Chromosomes ; Copper ; Cytotoxicity ; Deoxyribonucleic acid ; Discharge ; DNA ; DNA damage ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Effluent treatment ; Effluents ; Environment ; Environmental Chemistry ; Environmental Health ; Environmental protection ; Fatty acids ; Geochemistry ; Germination ; Germination - drug effects ; Heavy metals ; Hexadecane ; India ; Iron ; Lignin ; Lignin - analysis ; Metals ; Metals, Heavy - analysis ; Metaphase ; Mitosis ; Model testing ; Nitrogen - analysis ; Onions - drug effects ; Organometallic complexes ; Original Paper ; Paper industry ; Paper industry wastes ; Paper mills ; Phenols ; Phenols - analysis ; Phytotoxicity ; Pollutants ; Polymers ; Public Health ; Pulp ; Pulp & paper industry ; Pulp industry ; Seed germination ; Seeds - drug effects ; Segregation ; Soil Science & Conservation ; Solvents - chemistry ; Sulfates ; Terrestrial Pollution ; Tertiary ; Toxicity testing ; Toxicity Tests - methods ; Vigna - drug effects ; Waste Disposal, Fluid - methods ; Waste Water - chemistry ; Wastewater ; Wastewater analysis ; Wastewater treatment ; Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis ; Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity ; Zinc ; α-Amylase
Is Part Of: Environmental geochemistry and health, 2021-05, Vol.43 (5), p.2143-2164
Description: Discharged pulp and paper mill wastewater (PPMW) were collected near M/s K. R. pulp and papers Limited, Shahjahanpur, India. Chemical analysis of the wastewater showed high BOD (3653–4180 mg L −1 ) and COD (17,890–19100 mg L −1 ) values from two different sampling sites. The levels of total phenol were in the range of 389–432 mg L −1 ; nitrogen (125–234 mg L −1 ), sulfate (1926–2098 mg L −1 ), chloride (3.12–5.43 mg L −1 ) and lignin (38,950–39,000 mg L −1 ) along with various heavy metals (Fe, 87–79; Zn, 34–22; Cu, 3.28–2.57; Cd, 1.90–0.36; Ni, 6–5, and Pb, 41.23–36.54 mg L −1 ) were above the permissible limits recommended by the CPCB and the USEPA. The BOD/COD ratio was < 0.2 which indicated very low biodegradability of the organic matters present in the effluent. The organometallic complex generated from the pulp and paper industry persists in the environment and might be toxic to aquatic organisms. The organic polymers, lignin, metals and ions present in the PPMW were characterized using SEM, EDAX, FTIR, and UV–VIS spectroscopy. The major pollutants detected in the discharged PPMW included nonacosane, heptacosane, octadecanoic acid, hexadecane, and 6-benzamide- 3- [2- [1-(phenylmethyl)-4-piperidinyl] ethyl]-1, 2-benzisoxazole, as well as a group of plant fatty acids classified as EDCs, and mutagenic pollutants. The cytotoxic and androgenic properties of these complex organics were examined. The seed germination test with Phaseolus mungo and cytotoxicity test with Allium cepa showed that at > 20% concentration of PPMW, α-amylase production was inhibited and chromosomal segregation at metaphase and anaphase during cell division was disturbed, which resulted in c-mitosis, sticky chromosomes, and laggard chromosomes. In addition, SEM of the root of A. cepa showed fissures and fractured tissues of the root cap, probably due to the inhibition of auxins that were responsible for root cap formation. The findings indicated A. cepa as a good test model for examining the DNA damage and cytotoxicity by PPMW, and the discharged effluent should be treated at a tertiary stage for environmental protection.
Publisher: Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands
Language: English
Identifier: ISSN: 0269-4042
EISSN: 1573-2983
DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00730-z
PMID: 33400008
Source: MEDLINE
ProQuest Central

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Residual pollutants in treated pulp paper mill wastewater and their phytotoxicity and cytotoxicity in Allium cepa

Springer Nature B.V. 2021 ;COPYRIGHT 2021 Springer ;Springer Nature B.V. 2021. ;ISSN: 0269-4042 ;EISSN: 1573-2983 ;DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00730-z ;PMID: 33400008

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