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Celiac disease: a comprehensive current review

BMC medicine, 2019-07, Vol.17 (1), p.142-142, Article 142 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

COPYRIGHT 2019 BioMed Central Ltd. ;COPYRIGHT 2019 BioMed Central Ltd. ;The Author(s). 2019 ;ISSN: 1741-7015 ;EISSN: 1741-7015 ;DOI: 10.1186/s12916-019-1380-z ;PMID: 31331324

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Title:
Celiac disease: a comprehensive current review
Author: Caio, Giacomo ; Volta, Umberto ; Sapone, Anna ; Leffler, Daniel A ; De Giorgio, Roberto ; Catassi, Carlo ; Fasano, Alessio
Subjects: Adenocarcinoma ; Aged patients ; Alternative treatment ; Antibodies ; Autoimmunity ; Biopsy ; Celiac disease ; Celiac Disease - diagnosis ; Celiac Disease - epidemiology ; Celiac Disease - immunology ; Celiac Disease - therapy ; Clinical phenotypes ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Diet, Gluten-Free ; Elderly patients ; Epidemiology ; Genes ; Genetics ; Gluten ; Gluten-free diet ; Health aspects ; Histopathological findings ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate - physiology ; Infection ; Lymphomas ; Metamorphosis ; Metamorphosis (Biology) ; Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms) ; Peptides ; Phenotype ; Phenotypes ; Quality of Life ; Review ; Risk factors ; Serologic Tests ; Tumors ; Virus diseases ; Women
Is Part Of: BMC medicine, 2019-07, Vol.17 (1), p.142-142, Article 142
Description: Celiac disease remains a challenging condition because of a steady increase in knowledge tackling its pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, and possible therapeutic options. A major milestone in the history of celiac disease was the identification of tissue transglutaminase as the autoantigen, thereby confirming the autoimmune nature of this disorder. A genetic background (HLA-DQ2/DQ8 positivity and non-HLA genes) is a mandatory determinant of the development of the disease, which occurs with the contribution of environmental factors (e.g., viral infections and dysbiosis of gut microbiota). Its prevalence in the general population is of approximately 1%, with female predominance. The disease can occur at any age, with a variety of symptoms/manifestations. This multifaceted clinical presentation leads to several phenotypes, i.e., gastrointestinal, extraintestinal, subclinical, potential, seronegative, non-responsive, and refractory. Although small intestinal biopsy remains the diagnostic 'gold standard', highly sensitive and specific serological tests, such as tissue transglutaminase, endomysial and deamidated gliadin peptide antibodies, have become gradually more important in the diagnostic work-up of celiac disease. Currently, the only treatment for celiac disease is a life-long, strict gluten-free diet leading to improvement in quality of life, ameliorating symptoms, and preventing the occurrence of refractory celiac disease, ulcerative jejunoileitis, and small intestinal adenocarcinoma and lymphoma. The present review is timely and provides a thorough appraisal of various aspects characterizing celiac disease. Remaining challenges include obtaining a better understanding of still-unclear phenotypes such as slow-responsive, potential (minimal lesions) and seronegative celiac disease. The identification of alternative or complementary treatments to the gluten-free diet brings hope for patients unavoidably burdened by diet restrictions.
Publisher: England: BioMed Central Ltd
Language: English
Identifier: ISSN: 1741-7015
EISSN: 1741-7015
DOI: 10.1186/s12916-019-1380-z
PMID: 31331324
Source: GFMER Free Medical Journals
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PubMed Central
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ProQuest Central
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Celiac disease: a comprehensive current review

COPYRIGHT 2019 BioMed Central Ltd. ;COPYRIGHT 2019 BioMed Central Ltd. ;The Author(s). 2019 ;ISSN: 1741-7015 ;EISSN: 1741-7015 ;DOI: 10.1186/s12916-019-1380-z ;PMID: 31331324

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