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Microbial degradation of lignin: how a bulky recalcitrant polymer is efficiently recycled in nature and how we can take advantage of this

Microbial biotechnology, 2009-03, Vol.2 (2), p.164-177 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

2009 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2009 Society for Applied Microbiology and Blackwell Publishing Ltd ;2009 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2009 Society for Applied Microbiology and Blackwell Publishing Ltd. ;Copyright John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Mar 2009 ;2009 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2009 Society for Applied Microbiology and Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2009 ;ISSN: 1751-7915 ;EISSN: 1751-7915 ;DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7915.2008.00078.x ;PMID: 21261911

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Title:
Microbial degradation of lignin: how a bulky recalcitrant polymer is efficiently recycled in nature and how we can take advantage of this
Author: Ruiz-Dueñas, Francisco J. ; Martínez, Ángel T.
Subjects: Alcohol ; Architecture ; Aromatic compounds ; Biocatalysis ; Biocatalysts ; Biodegradation ; Biodegradation, Environmental ; Carbohydrates ; Carbon ; Cell walls ; Cellulose ; Chemical attack ; Degradation ; Ecosystems ; Electron transfer ; Enzymes ; Flowers & plants ; Free radicals ; Fungal Proteins - chemistry ; Fungal Proteins - genetics ; Fungal Proteins - metabolism ; Fungi - chemistry ; Fungi - enzymology ; Fungi - genetics ; Fungi - metabolism ; Haem ; Lignin ; Lignin - chemistry ; Lignin - metabolism ; Microbial degradation ; Microorganisms ; Organic chemistry ; Oxidation ; Peroxide ; Phenolic compounds ; Phenols ; Plant biomass ; Plant protection ; Plants ; Polymerization ; Polymers ; Proteins ; Recycling ; Redox potential ; Review ; Structure-function relationships ; Substructures
Is Part Of: Microbial biotechnology, 2009-03, Vol.2 (2), p.164-177
Description: Summary Lignin is the second most abundant constituent of the cell wall of vascular plants, where it protects cellulose towards hydrolytic attack by saprophytic and pathogenic microbes. Its removal represents a key step for carbon recycling in land ecosystems, as well as a central issue for industrial utilization of plant biomass. The lignin polymer is highly recalcitrant towards chemical and biological degradation due to its molecular architecture, where different non‐phenolic phenylpropanoid units form a complex three‐dimensional network linked by a variety of ether and carbon–carbon bonds. Ligninolytic microbes have developed a unique strategy to handle lignin degradation based on unspecific one‐electron oxidation of the benzenic rings in the different lignin substructures by extracellular haemperoxidases acting synergistically with peroxide‐generating oxidases. These peroxidases posses two outstanding characteristics: (i) they have unusually high redox potential due to haem pocket architecture that enables oxidation of non‐phenolic aromatic rings, and (ii) they are able to generate a protein oxidizer by electron transfer to the haem cofactor forming a catalytic tryptophanyl‐free radical at the protein surface, where it can interact with the bulky lignin polymer. The structure–function information currently available is being used to build tailor‐made peroxidases and other oxidoreductases as industrial biocatalysts.
Publisher: Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Language: English
Identifier: ISSN: 1751-7915
EISSN: 1751-7915
DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7915.2008.00078.x
PMID: 21261911
Source: Wiley Online Library Open Access

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Microbial degradation of lignin: how a bulky recalcitrant polymer is efficiently recycled in nature and how we can take advantage of this

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