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Evaluation of Charcoal Strip Extraction Efficiency Under Varying Substrate Conditions

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  • Title:
    Evaluation of Charcoal Strip Extraction Efficiency Under Varying Substrate Conditions
  • Author: Wester, Abby
  • Subjects: charcoal strip ; efficiency ; extraction ; fire debris ; Forensic Science and Technology ; GC-MS
  • Description: The ability of a forensic examiner to identify the presence of ignitable liquids (ILs) in fire debris collected from the area of origin of a fire is an essential component for determining intent in fire investigations. However, this relies on an effective extraction method that provides a complete picture of what is present in the debris. In this study, eight substrate materials underwent three different treatments: a low-volume of substrate that was unburned, a low-volume of substrate that was burned, and a high-volume of substrate that was unburned. Each sample was spiked with a 1:1 mixture of gasoline and diesel fuel before being extracted using the charcoal strip method and analyzed through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). External calibration curves were created for four chosen compounds of interest - toluene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, n-tridecane, and n-hexadecane - that each showed R2 values exceeding 0.99. Extraction efficiencies for each substrate were calculated across the three treatments and averaged from multiple replicates. ANOVA and t-test statistics were performed to compare the extraction efficiencies and determine whether there was a significant difference in the efficacy of the charcoal strip method to extract the IL mixture depending on the type of substrate or treatment. Overall, there was strong evidence (p < 0.001) that the method had a significantly different extraction efficiency for high-volume carpet samples compared to other substrates, as well as in comparison to unburned carpet samples. This can be a foundation for future research investigating the effect of substrate type and sample volume on the extraction efficiency of the charcoal strip method.
  • Publisher: VCU Scholars Compass
  • Creation Date: 2024
  • Language: English
  • Source: VCU Scholars Compass
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