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The Coach-Athlete-Parent Relationship: The Importance of the Sex, Sport Type, and Family Composition

International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022-04, Vol.19 (8), p.4821 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. ;2022 by the authors. 2022 ;ISSN: 1660-4601 ;ISSN: 1661-7827 ;EISSN: 1660-4601 ;DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084821 ;PMID: 35457690

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  • Title:
    The Coach-Athlete-Parent Relationship: The Importance of the Sex, Sport Type, and Family Composition
  • Author: Lisinskiene, Ausra ; Lochbaum, Marc
  • Subjects: Adolescent ; Age ; Athletes ; Athletic Performance ; Careers ; Child development ; Children & youth ; Coaches & managers ; Communication ; Composition ; Demographics ; Demography ; Families & family life ; Gender ; Humans ; Interpersonal Relations ; Invariants ; Male ; Parents ; Parents & parenting ; Personal relationships ; Polls & surveys ; Questionnaires ; Sex ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Teenagers ; Youth ; Youth Sports
  • Is Part Of: International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022-04, Vol.19 (8), p.4821
  • Description: Interpersonal relationships exist in many forms within the sport environment. Athlete performance and career direction, at times, depend on their formed sport relationships. Positive and negative interpersonal relationships among the coach, the athlete, and the parent affects many athletes’ behavioral outcomes, such as continued participation. Our research aimed to understand whether the positive and negative processes in the coach, athlete, and parent interpersonal relationships depend on athletes’ sex, age, family composition, sport experience, and the type of sport. To achieve our research purpose, 632 volunteer student-athletes (aged 11−19) completed our survey. Our survey included the Positive and Negative Processes in the Coach−Athlete−Parent (PNPCAP) relationship scale and demographics (i.e., sex, age, family composition, years in competitive sport, and sport type). The study results revealed that positive processes, as measured by the positive PNPCAP subscale, were invariant to our categorical variables. However, participants’ self-ratings of negative PNPCAP-measured processes depended upon sex, sport type, and family makeup. Significant (p < 0.05) two-way interactions revealed boys involved in individual sports and residing without their parents or with one self-reported a higher level of the negative processes. The calculated effect size values with the other groupings were mostly medium in magnitude. The third significant two-way interaction resulted for sport type by family makeup. This two-way interaction revealed individual sport participants without or residing with one parent reported higher levels of negative processes. The effect size values were a mix of small and medium in meaningfulness. In conclusion, while positive Coach−Athlete−Parent processes appear invariant to our measured categorical variables, sex, sport type, and family makeup moderated the negative processes. Further research, such as mixed methods, is required to best understand and provide direction for intervention research to reduce negative processes in youth sport.
  • Publisher: Switzerland: MDPI AG
  • Language: English
  • Identifier: ISSN: 1660-4601
    ISSN: 1661-7827
    EISSN: 1660-4601
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084821
    PMID: 35457690
  • Source: Geneva Foundation Free Medical Journals at publisher websites
    MEDLINE
    PubMed Central
    ProQuest Central
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