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Nicotine on Children’s Hands: Limited Protection of Smoking Bans and Initial Clinical Findings

Tobacco use insights, 2019-01, Vol.12, p.1179173X18823493 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

The Author(s) 2019 ;The Author(s) 2019. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution – Non-Commercial – No Derivatives License http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. ;The Author(s) 2019 2019 SAGE Publications Ltd unless otherwise noted. Manuscript content on this site is licensed under Creative Commons Licenses ;ISSN: 1179-173X ;EISSN: 1179-173X ;DOI: 10.1177/1179173X18823493 ;PMID: 30728727

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  • Title:
    Nicotine on Children’s Hands: Limited Protection of Smoking Bans and Initial Clinical Findings
  • Author: Mahabee-Gittens, E Melinda ; Merianos, Ashley L ; Hoh, Eunha ; Quintana, Penelope JE ; Matt, Georg E
  • Subjects: Age ; Asthma ; Caregivers ; Children & youth ; Cigarettes ; Complaints ; Ear diseases ; Electronic cigarettes ; Hands ; Hispanic people ; Medical records ; Nicotine ; Original Research ; Pediatrics ; Regression analysis ; Single family ; Smoking ; Sociodemographics ; Tobacco smoke ; Variables
  • Is Part Of: Tobacco use insights, 2019-01, Vol.12, p.1179173X18823493
  • Description: Background: Thirdhand smoke (THS) pollutants, such as nicotine, accumulate on the hands of children who live in homes with smokers and are exposed to secondhand smoke. Our objective was to examine whether levels of hand nicotine in exposed children are associated with demographics, environmental factors, and clinical findings. Methods: Participants were caregivers who smoke and children (mean age (SD) = 2.6 (3.7) years) who were part of an ongoing 2-group, randomized controlled trial of an emergency department–based tobacco cessation intervention (N = 104). The primary outcome measure was nicotine on the child’s hand. Caregivers reported demographics and smoking patterns; children’s medical records were abstracted for chief complaint, medical history, and diagnoses. Results: All children had detectable hand nicotine (geometric mean [GeoM] = 86.2 ng/wipe; range = 3.5-2, 190.4 ng/wipe). Children in the age group of 2 to 4 years old (GeoM = 185.6 ng/wipe) had higher levels than the children in the age groups of 0 to 1 (GeoM = 68.9 ng/wipe, P < .001), 5 to 9 (GeoM = 77.9 ng/wipe, P = .04), and 10 to 15 years old (GeoM = 74.2 ng/wipe, P = .048). Children whose caregivers smoked 6 to 14 (GeoM = 97.2 ng/wipe, P = .047) and 15 to 40 cigarettes/day (GeoM = 124.0 ng/wipe, P = .01) had higher levels than children whose caregivers smoked 1 to 5 cigarettes/day (GeoM = 59.7 ng/wipe). Children with 6 to 14 cigarettes/day (GeoM = 163.11 ng/wipe, P = .007) and 15 to 40 cigarettes/day (GeoM = 186.1, P = .003) smoked inside the home by all smokers had significantly higher levels than homes with 0 cigarettes (GeoM = 81.3 ng/wipe). Similar differences in hand nicotine levels were found for smoking frequency of all household members in any location. Children with complaints of cough/congestion (GeoM = 97.7 ng/wipe) had higher levels than those without cough/congestion (GeoM = 59.0 ng/wipe, P = .01). Conclusions: The high hand nicotine levels in children whose caregivers do not necessarily smoke indoor demonstrate that indoor smoking bans do not safeguard against THS exposure and the associations with increased home smoking activity indicate that hand wipes may be a noninvasive way to characterize children’s exposure. The findings of associated cough and congestion with higher THS levels need to be examined further.
  • Publisher: London, England: SAGE Publications
  • Language: English
  • Identifier: ISSN: 1179-173X
    EISSN: 1179-173X
    DOI: 10.1177/1179173X18823493
    PMID: 30728727
  • Source: SAGE Open Access Journals
    GFMER Free Medical Journals
    PubMed Central
    ProQuest Central
    DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
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