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Paleoproterozoic Reworking of Archean Crust and Extreme Back‐Arc Metamorphism in the Enigmatic Southern Trans‐Hudson Orogen

Geophysical research letters, 2024-02, Vol.51 (4), p.n/a [Peer Reviewed Journal]

2024 The Authors. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA. ;2024. This article is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. ;ISSN: 0094-8276 ;EISSN: 1944-8007 ;DOI: 10.1029/2023GL107552

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  • Title:
    Paleoproterozoic Reworking of Archean Crust and Extreme Back‐Arc Metamorphism in the Enigmatic Southern Trans‐Hudson Orogen
  • Author: Hillenbrand, Ian W. ; Gilmer, Amy K. ; Williams, Michael L. ; Souders, A. Kate ; Jercinovic, Michael J. ; Lowers, Heather A. ; Vazquez, Jorge A.
  • Subjects: Chronostratigraphy ; Core analysis ; Drills ; Evolution ; Extreme high temperatures ; Feldspars ; Geochemistry ; Geochronology ; Geophysical data ; Heating ; Heating rate ; High temperature ; Isotopes ; Metamorphism ; Metamorphism (geology) ; monazite ; Mountains ; Orogeny ; petrochronology ; Phanerozoic ; Phase equilibria ; Precambrian ; Proterozoic tectonics ; Recognition ; Rock ; Rocks ; Sediment samples ; Sediments ; Tectonics ; Temperature extremes ; Thermometry ; Tracers ; Trans‐Hudson orogen ; ultra‐high temperature metamorphism ; Zircon
  • Is Part Of: Geophysical research letters, 2024-02, Vol.51 (4), p.n/a
  • Description: The crustal evolution of the southernmost ∼2000–1800 Ma Trans‐Hudson orogen (THO) is enigmatic due to burial by Phanerozoic sediments. We provide new insights through petrochronologic analysis of a paragneiss drill core sample. Detrital zircon age peaks at 2625, 2340, and 1880 Ma and Hf isotopes suggest Paleoproterozoic arc development proximal to Archean source(s). Phase equilibria modeling and ternary feldspar thermometry suggest peak conditions of ≥1 GPa, ≥900°C, the first recognition of extreme, ultra‐high temperature metamorphism in the THO. The largely isobaric P‐T path, rapid heating rate, and ∼20 Myr duration (1872–1850 Ma) of peak conditions suggest that this metamorphism occurred in a back‐arc tectonic setting. The sample records post‐peak (1850–1815 Ma) mid‐crustal residence, slow cooling, and exhumation. Further retrogression occurred during Proterozoic regional exhumation (1630–1470 Ma) and Phanerozoic (360–220 Ma) reheating and/or fluid influx. Evidence for Paleoproterozoic arc(s) supports geophysical data for Archean cratonic and Paleoproterozoic arc crust in this region. Plain Language Summary The Trans‐Hudson orogeny was a Himalayan‐scale collisional mountain building event approximately 1.8 billion years ago that formed the core of North America. The southern portion of the Trans‐Hudson orogen (THO) is poorly understood because it is almost entirely buried by younger rocks. It is unknown whether the southern THO is underlain by Archean or Proterozoic crust. The timing, conditions, and setting of high‐grade metamorphism in this region are also poorly known. We carried out petrologic, geochemical, and geochronologic analyses on a metasedimentary rock sample recovered from drill core. Detrital zircon and tracer isotopic data show derivation from both Paleoproterozoic and Archean sources. This suggests that Paleoproterozoic magmatic arc(s) developed on or near Archean crust. The rock sample experienced extreme temperatures (≥900°C, ≥1 GPa) and partial melting between approximately 1870 and 1850 million years ago perhaps in a back‐arc tectonic setting. This marks the first recognition of extreme, ultra‐high temperature metamorphism in the THO. Later retrograde metamorphism occurred in the Mesoproterozoic and Phanerozoic. These constraints provide new understanding of the enigmatic southern THO and highlight the ability of a combined petrologic, geochemical, and geochronologic study to extract a comprehensive record of crustal evolution from a single sample. Key Points Paleoproterozoic arc(s) buried beneath North Dakota developed proximal to, or on, Archean craton(s) Metamorphic temperatures of >900°C are the first recognition of ultra‐high temperature (UHT) metamorphism in the Trans‐Hudson orogen Back‐arc setting for UHT metamorphism indicated by isobaric P‐T path and short timescales of heating and peak conditions
  • Publisher: Washington: John Wiley & Sons, Inc
  • Language: English
  • Identifier: ISSN: 0094-8276
    EISSN: 1944-8007
    DOI: 10.1029/2023GL107552
  • Source: Wiley Blackwell AGU Digital Library
    DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
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