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Earnings Management Constraints and Classification Shifting

Journal of business finance & accounting, 2014-06, Vol.41 (5-6), p.600-626 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd ;Copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Jun-Jul 2014 ;ISSN: 0306-686X ;EISSN: 1468-5957 ;DOI: 10.1111/jbfa.12076

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  • Title:
    Earnings Management Constraints and Classification Shifting
  • Author: Abernathy, John L. ; Beyer, Brooke ; Rapley, Eric T.
  • Subjects: Accounting ; Accounting systems ; Accruals ; Classification ; classification shifting ; Decision making ; Earnings ; Earnings management ; earnings management constraint ; Financial management ; Managers ; Ownership ; Studies
  • Is Part Of: Journal of business finance & accounting, 2014-06, Vol.41 (5-6), p.600-626
  • Description: Prior literature has investigated three forms of earnings management: real earnings management (REM), accruals earnings management (AEM) and classification shifting. Managers make trade‐off decisions among these methods based on the costs, constraints and timing of each strategy. This study investigates whether managers use classification shifting when their ability to use other forms of earnings management is constrained. We find that when REM is constrained by poor financial condition, high levels of institutional ownership and low industry market share, managers are more likely to use classification shifting. Further, we find that when AEM is constrained by low accounting system flexibility and the provision of a cash flow forecast, managers are more likely to use classification shifting. In addition, when we limit our sample to firms that are most likely to have manipulated earnings, we continue to find support for constraints of both REM and AEM leading to higher levels of classification shifting. We also find support for the hypothesis that the timing of each earnings management strategy influences managers’ trade‐off decision. Our results indicate that managers use classification shifting as substitute form of earnings management for both AEM and REM.
  • Publisher: Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Language: English
  • Identifier: ISSN: 0306-686X
    EISSN: 1468-5957
    DOI: 10.1111/jbfa.12076
  • Source: Alma/SFX Local Collection
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