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Development and Initial Validation of the in-Session Patient Affective Reactions Questionnaire (SPARQ) and the Rift In-Session Questionnaire (RISQ)

Journal of clinical medicine, 2023-08, Vol.12 (15), p.5156 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. ;2023 by the authors. 2023 ;ISSN: 2077-0383 ;EISSN: 2077-0383 ;DOI: 10.3390/jcm12155156 ;PMID: 37568559

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  • Title:
    Development and Initial Validation of the in-Session Patient Affective Reactions Questionnaire (SPARQ) and the Rift In-Session Questionnaire (RISQ)
  • Author: Stefana, Alberto ; Langfus, Joshua A ; Vieta, Eduard ; Fusar-Poli, Paolo ; Youngstrom, Eric A
  • Subjects: affective reaction ; Clinical medicine ; emotional reaction ; Emotions ; in-session process ; Mental disorders ; Psychotherapy ; Questionnaires ; Self report ; self-report measure ; therapeutic relationship ; Therapists ; Therapy
  • Is Part Of: Journal of clinical medicine, 2023-08, Vol.12 (15), p.5156
  • Description: This article discusses the development and preliminary validation of a self-report inventory of the patient's perception of, and affective reaction to, their therapist during a psychotherapy session. First, we wrote a pool of 131 items, reviewed them based on subject matter experts' review, and then collected validation data from a clinical sample of adult patients in individual therapy ( = 701). We used exploratory factor analysis and item response theory graded response models to select items, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to test the factor structure, and -fold cross-validation to verify model robustness. Multi-group CFA examined measurement invariance across patients with different diagnoses (unipolar depression, bipolar disorder, and neither of these). Three factors produced short scales retaining the strongest items. The in-Session Patient Affective Reactions Questionnaire (SPARQ) has a two-factor structure, yielding a four-item Negative affect scale and a four-item Positive affect scale. The Relationship In-Session Questionnaire (RISQ) is composed of four items from the third factor with dichotomized responses. Both scales showed excellent psychometric properties and evidence of metric invariance across the three diagnostic groups: unipolar depression, bipolar disorder, and neither of these. The SPARQ and the RISQ scale can be used in clinical or research settings, with particular value for capturing the patient's perspectives about their therapist and session-level emotional processes.
  • Publisher: Switzerland: MDPI AG
  • Language: English
  • Identifier: ISSN: 2077-0383
    EISSN: 2077-0383
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm12155156
    PMID: 37568559
  • Source: PubMed Central
    ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources
    ProQuest Central
    DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
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