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Emerging Roles of Xenobiotic Detoxification Enzymes in Metabolic Diseases
DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2016-0050
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Title:
Emerging Roles of Xenobiotic Detoxification Enzymes in Metabolic Diseases
Author:
Petriello, Michael C
;
Hennig, Bernhard
;
Morris, Andrew J
;
Hoffman, Jessie B
Subjects:
cardiovascular
disease
;
dioxin
;
Environmental Health and Protection
;
FMO3
;
Medical Pathology
;
metabolic pathologies
;
Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases
;
TMAO
Description:
Mammalian systems have developed extensive molecular mechanisms to protect against the toxicity of many exogenous xenobiotic compounds. Interestingly, many detoxification enzymes, including cytochrome P450s and flavin-containing monooxygenases, and their associated transcriptional activators [e.g. the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)], have now been shown to have endogenous roles in normal physiology and the pathology of metabolic diseases. This mini-review will focus on two such instances: the role of flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) in the formation of the cardiometabolic disease biomarker trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and the role of AhR as a sensor of endogenous ligands such as those generated by the gut microbiota. Understanding the roles of xenobiotic sensing pathways in endogenous metabolism will undoubtedly lead to a better understanding of how exposure to environmental pollutants can perturb these physiological processes.
Published in Reviews on Environmental Health, v. 32, issue 1-2, p. 105-110. ©2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston. The copyright holder has granted the permission for posting the article here.
Creation Date:
2017
Language:
English
Identifier:
DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2016-0050
Source:
UKnowledge
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