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Normative data for the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale

Quality of life research, 2015-02, Vol.24 (2), p.391-398 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

Springer International Publishing 2015 ;Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014 ;Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 ;ISSN: 0962-9343 ;EISSN: 1573-2649 ;DOI: 10.1007/s11136-014-0763-z ;PMID: 25064207

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Title:
Normative data for the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
Author: Breeman, Suzanne ; Cotton, Seonaidh ; Fielding, Shona ; Jones, Gareth T.
Subjects: Adult ; Age ; Anxieties ; Anxiety - epidemiology ; Depression - epidemiology ; England - epidemiology ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Gender ; Health sciences ; Hospitalization ; Hospitals ; Humans ; INSTRUMENT DEVELOPMENT ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Medical practices ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Mental depression ; Middle Aged ; Population ; Primary care ; Public Health ; Quality of Life ; Quality of Life Research ; Questionnaires ; Reference Values ; Sociology ; Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Is Part Of: Quality of life research, 2015-02, Vol.24 (2), p.391-398
Description: Purpose The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is widely used in both research and clinical contexts. However, UK normative data from HADS remain limited. In our recent review of the literature, only six reports from four studies were identified as reporting UK normative data and all had limitations. The aim of our study was to use a large population-based dataset to address this. Methods The Epidemiology of Functional Disorders Study is a large longitudinal population-based study carried out in Northwest England. All adults aged between 25 and 65 years registered with three general practices were sent a self-completion questionnaire which contained the HADS and other health-related instruments. Scores were calculated for participants completing all items on each subscale (anxiety 6,189 participants and depression 6,198 participants). Scores are presented by gender and by 5-year age groups. Percentile scores were also generated. Results The median anxiety score was higher in women [6, interquartile range (IQR) 4-9] than in men (5, IQR 2-8) and increased with age in both groups. The median depression score for both women and men was 3 (IQR 1-6). Conclusions Our study is the largest population-based study providing UK normative data from the HADS. While our data confirm some of the normative data reported previously, subtle and important differences emerged, particularly at the upper end of the percentile scores. Due to the nature of our study design and the number of participants sampled, we believe that our data are likely to be more representative of the UK population than existing published normative values.
Publisher: Cham: Springer
Language: English
Identifier: ISSN: 0962-9343
EISSN: 1573-2649
DOI: 10.1007/s11136-014-0763-z
PMID: 25064207
Source: ProQuest One Psychology
MEDLINE
ProQuest Central

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Normative data for the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale

Springer International Publishing 2015 ;Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014 ;Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 ;ISSN: 0962-9343 ;EISSN: 1573-2649 ;DOI: 10.1007/s11136-014-0763-z ;PMID: 25064207

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