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Scientific analysis of tie luo, a Qing Dynasty calligraphy artifact in the Palace Museum, Beijing, China

Heritage science, 2018-05, Vol.6 (1), p.1-14, Article 26

The Author(s) 2018 ;Heritage Science is a copyright of Springer, (2018). All Rights Reserved. ;ISSN: 2050-7445 ;EISSN: 2050-7445 ;DOI: 10.1186/s40494-018-0193-2

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  • Title:
    Scientific analysis of tie luo, a Qing Dynasty calligraphy artifact in the Palace Museum, Beijing, China
  • Author: Wei, Le ; Chen, Wenjia ; Jin, Gaowa ; Guo, Zhimou ; Wang, Yunli ; Kang, Baoqiang ; Wang, Na ; Gu, An ; Zhang, Yun ; Lei, Yong
  • Subjects: Affixed hanging ; Beeswax ; Calligraphy ; Chemistry and Materials Science ; Drying oils ; Dyes ; Fenjian ; Materials Science ; Museums ; Palaces ; Pigment coating ; Pigments ; Protective coatings ; Red pigments ; Research Article ; Restoration ; Sappanwood ; Tie luo ; Waxes
  • Is Part Of: Heritage science, 2018-05, Vol.6 (1), p.1-14, Article 26
  • Description: Tie luo (affixed hanging) was an expressive form of traditional Chinese calligraphy or paintings, and popular in the imperial palaces for interior decorations in Qing Dynasty (1644–1911 C.E.). A piece of calligraphic tie luo , written by an eminent calligrapher Gu Gao (1763–1832 C.E.), was restored recently in the Palace Museum, Beijing, China. The paper with pigment coating specially made for this calligraphic piece was named as fenjian . This article presented results from materials identification prior to the restoration. Multianalysis with scientific approaches revealed how tie luo was manufactured. It could be concluded that the investigated tie luo used a paper made from bast fibers of mulberry trees. And the decorative ground layer for the piece was also studied, which indicated that a type of organic red pigments were used for the masterpiece. White lead was considered as the main pigment, mixed with a red dye extracted from sappanwood. Meanwhile, animal glue, drying oils and beeswax were confirmed as the organic binding media. In dye analysis, protosappanin B and brazilin as well as brazilein were identified, which implied that sappanwood was used for the organic manufacture of pigments. In addition, both Nowik type A and C were found in the research, which were characteristic of sappanwood for identification.
  • Publisher: Cham: Springer International Publishing
  • Language: English
  • Identifier: ISSN: 2050-7445
    EISSN: 2050-7445
    DOI: 10.1186/s40494-018-0193-2
  • Source: SpringerOpen
    DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
    ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources
    ProQuest Central
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