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Adipokines, Myokines, and Hepatokines: Crosstalk and Metabolic Repercussions

International journal of molecular sciences, 2021-03, Vol.22 (5), p.2639 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

2021. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. ;2021 by the authors. 2021 ;ISSN: 1422-0067 ;ISSN: 1661-6596 ;EISSN: 1422-0067 ;DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052639 ;PMID: 33807959

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Title:
Adipokines, Myokines, and Hepatokines: Crosstalk and Metabolic Repercussions
Author: de Oliveira Dos Santos, Ana Rita ; de Oliveira Zanuso, Bárbara ; Miola, Vitor Fernando Bordin ; Barbalho, Sandra Maria ; Santos Bueno, Patrícia C ; Flato, Uri Adrian Prync ; Detregiachi, Claudia Rucco P ; Buchaim, Daniela Vieira ; Buchaim, Rogério Leone ; Tofano, Ricardo José ; Mendes, Claudemir Gregório ; Tofano, Viviane Alessandra Capelluppi ; Dos Santos Haber, Jesselina F
Subjects: Adipocytes ; adipokines ; Adipokines - metabolism ; Aging ; Animals ; Autocrine signalling ; Biomarkers ; Body weight ; Cardiovascular disease ; Cardiovascular diseases ; Cardiovascular Diseases - metabolism ; Cardiovascular Diseases - pathology ; Crosstalk ; Cytokines ; Cytokines - metabolism ; Diabetes ; Diabetes mellitus ; Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent) ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - pathology ; Fatty acids ; Fibroblast growth factors ; Glucose ; Growth factors ; hepatokines ; Humans ; Immune response ; Infectious diseases ; Insulin resistance ; Interleukin 1 ; Kinases ; Lifestyles ; Lipogenesis ; Liver ; Metabolic disorders ; Metabolic syndrome ; Metabolic Syndrome - metabolism ; Metabolic Syndrome - pathology ; metabolism ; Muscles ; Musculoskeletal system ; myokines ; Myostatin ; Obesity ; Obesity - metabolism ; Obesity - pathology ; Organs ; Oxidation ; Paracrine signalling ; Physiological effects ; Proteins ; Review ; Skeletal muscle ; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF ; Tumor necrosis factor-α
Is Part Of: International journal of molecular sciences, 2021-03, Vol.22 (5), p.2639
Description: Adipose, skeletal, and hepatic muscle tissues are the main endocrine organs that produce adipokines, myokines, and hepatokines. These biomarkers can be harmful or beneficial to an organism and still perform crosstalk, acting through the endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine pathways. This study aims to review the crosstalk between adipokines, myokines, and hepatokines. Far beyond understanding the actions of each biomarker alone, it is important to underline that these cytokines act together in the body, resulting in a complex network of actions in different tissues, which may have beneficial or non-beneficial effects on the genesis of various physiological disorders and their respective outcomes, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Overweight individuals secrete more pro-inflammatory adipokines than those of a healthy weight, leading to an impaired immune response and greater susceptibility to inflammatory and infectious diseases. Myostatin is elevated in pro-inflammatory environments, sharing space with pro-inflammatory organokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), resistin, and chemerin. Fibroblast growth factor FGF21 acts as a beta-oxidation regulator and decreases lipogenesis in the liver. The crosstalk mentioned above can interfere with homeostatic disorders and can play a role as a potential therapeutic target that can assist in the methods of diagnosing metabolic syndrome and CVD.
Publisher: Switzerland: MDPI AG
Language: English
Identifier: ISSN: 1422-0067
ISSN: 1661-6596
EISSN: 1422-0067
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052639
PMID: 33807959
Source: MEDLINE
PubMed Central
Coronavirus Research Database
ProQuest Central
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals

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Adipokines, Myokines, and Hepatokines: Crosstalk and Metabolic Repercussions

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