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Microwave-Assisted Defibrillation of Microalgae

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2021-08, Vol.26 (16), p.4972 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. ;2021 by the authors. 2021 ;ISSN: 1420-3049 ;EISSN: 1420-3049 ;DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164972 ;PMID: 34443557

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  • Title:
    Microwave-Assisted Defibrillation of Microalgae
  • Author: Zitzmann, Frederik L. ; Ward, Ewan ; Meng, Xiangju ; Matharu, Avtar S.
  • Subjects: Algae ; Aquatic microorganisms ; Aspect ratio ; Biomass ; Bleaches ; Carbohydrates ; Carbon dioxide ; Cellulose ; Decomposition ; defibrillated cellulose ; Food industry ; Food packaging ; Hydrogels ; Lipids ; microalgae ; microwave processing ; Nanocrystals ; Packaging ; Proteins ; Thermogravimetric analysis ; zero waste biorefinery
  • Is Part Of: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2021-08, Vol.26 (16), p.4972
  • Description: The first production of defibrillated celluloses from microalgal biomass using acid-free, TEMPO-free and bleach-free hydrothermal microwave processing is reported. Two routes were explored: i. direct microwave process of native microalgae (“standard”), and ii. scCO2 pre-treatment followed by microwave processing. ScCO2 was investigated as it is commonly used to extract lipids and generates considerable quantities of spent algal biomass. Defibrillation was evidenced in both cases to afford cellulosic strands, which progressively decreased in their width and length as the microwave processing temperature increased from 160 °C to 220 °C. Lower temperatures revealed aspect ratios similar to microfibrillated cellulose whilst at the highest temperature (220 °C), a mixture of microfibrillated cellulose and nanocrystals were evidenced. XRD studies showed similar patterns to cellulose I but also some unresolved peaks. The crystallinity index (CrI), determined by XRD, increased with increasing microwave processing temperature. The water holding capacity (WHC) of all materials was approximately 4.5 g H2O/g sample. The materials were able to form partially stable hydrogels, but only with those processed above 200 °C and at a concentration of 3 wt% in water. This unique work provides a new set of materials with potential applications in the packaging, food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
  • Publisher: Basel: MDPI AG
  • Language: English
  • Identifier: ISSN: 1420-3049
    EISSN: 1420-3049
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164972
    PMID: 34443557
  • Source: GFMER Free Medical Journals
    PubMed Central
    Alma/SFX Local Collection
    ProQuest Central
    DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
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