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Acute oak decline (AOD) new complex disese on holm oak ( Quercus ilex L.) and possibilities of spread on other oak species in Croatia

Šumarski list (1945), 2022-10, Vol.146 (9-10), p.439-445 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

ISSN: 0373-1332 ;EISSN: 1846-9140 ;DOI: 10.31298/sl.146.9-10.5

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  • Title:
    Acute oak decline (AOD) new complex disese on holm oak ( Quercus ilex L.) and possibilities of spread on other oak species in Croatia
  • Author: Pernek, Milan ; Brady, Carrie ; Lacković, Nikola ; Dubravac, Tomislav ; Jukić, Andrija ; Kovač, Marta
  • Is Part Of: Šumarski list (1945), 2022-10, Vol.146 (9-10), p.439-445
  • Description: U radu se prikazuje pregled dosadašnjih saznanja o Akutnom odumiranju hrastova (AOH), u svijetu opisanom kao AOD (Acute oak decline). Ova polimikrobna bolest je nedavno otkrivena u Hrvatskoj (2021. godine) na poluotoku Pelegrin (otok Hvar), gdje se na stablima hrasta crnike zadnjih nekoliko godina javljaju tipični simptomi: sušenje vrhova krošnje koje prate uzdužne raspukline kore, gdje istodobno ispod kore dolazi do odumiranja tkiva u obliku crnih nekroza. U kasnijoj fazi javljaju se i tekline te se vide izlazne rupe kukaca, a stablo nakon 3-4 godine odumire. Bolest se širi sa stabla na stablo, a krajnja posljedica je masovno sušenje. Uzročnici odumiranja tkiva pod korom su patogene bakterije Brenneria godwinii , Gibbsiella quercinecans i Lonsdalea britannica , a njihovi mogući prijenosnici su krasnici Agrilus sulcicolis i A. olivicolor . AOH je do sada opisana u Ujedinjenom kraljevstvu, Latviji, Španjolskoj, Iranu i Švicarskoj. Važnost prvog nalaza AOH u Hrvatskoj je što hrast crnika kao autohtona vrsta ima posebno značenjej za Mediteranske šume, a k tome su po prvi puta nađene i vrste krasnika koje do sada nisu potvrđene kao vektori AOH. Posebno se naglašava rizik prijelaza AOH na kontinentalne šume hrasta lužnjaka i kitnjaka, jer za razliku od svih dosadašnjih nalaza AOH u svijetu, lužnjakove i kitnjakove šume u Hrvatskoj su jedine koje su već godinama izložene napadima hrastove mrežaste stjenice ( Corythucha arcuata ). Moguća kombinacija hrastove mrežaste stjenice i AOH mogla bi biti iznimno opasna. Stoga se naglašava promptna primjena mjera zaštite, posebice preventivnih te važnost znanstvenih istraživanja. The paper presents an overview of current knowledge on Acute Oak Decline (AOD), a polymicrobial disease that was recently discovered in Croatia (in 2021) on the Pelegrin peninsula (island of Hvar). In the last few years typical symptoms have appeared on holm oak trees: dieback of the top of the tree crown, followed by appearance of longitudinal cracks in the bark and black tissue necrosis in the form of black necrosis under the bark. At a later stage, swollen lesions with exit holes of insects on tree stems appear, and after 3-4 years tree dies. The disease spreads from tree to tree, resulting in mass dieback. The causes of tissue necrosis under the bark are pathogenic bacteria Brenneria godwinii , Gibbsiella quercinecans and Lonsdalea britannica , and their possible vectors are jewel beetles Agrilus sulcicolis and A. olivicolor . AOD has so far been described in the United Kingdom, Latvia, Spain, Iran and Switzerland. The specificity of the first AOD finding in Croatia is that holm oak as a native species has a special significance for the Mediterranean forests, and for the first time other species of jewel beetles that have not been found as AOD vectors have been detected. The risk of AOD transition to continental pedunculate oak and sessile oak forests is particularly concerning, because unlike all previous AOD findings in the world, pedunculate and sessile oak forests in Croatia are the only ones that have been exposed to constant attacks of oak lace bug ( Corythucha arcuata ) for years. The possible synergism of oak lace bug with AOD could be extremely dangerous. Therefore, the prompt application of protection measures, especially preventive ones, together with the importance of scientific research is emphasized.
  • Language: English
  • Identifier: ISSN: 0373-1332
    EISSN: 1846-9140
    DOI: 10.31298/sl.146.9-10.5
  • Source: Alma/SFX Local Collection
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