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Non-renal effects and the risk assessment of environmental cadmium exposure

Environmental health perspectives, 2014-05, Vol.122 (5), p.431-438 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

COPYRIGHT 2014 National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences ;Copyright National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences May 2014 ;ISSN: 0091-6765 ;ISSN: 1552-9924 ;EISSN: 1552-9924 ;DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1307110 ;PMID: 24569905

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Title:
Non-renal effects and the risk assessment of environmental cadmium exposure
Author: Åkesson, Agneta ; Barregard, Lars ; Bergdahl, Ingvar A ; Nordberg, Gunnar F ; Nordberg, Monica ; Skerfving, Staffan
Subjects: adverse effects ; Arbetsmedicin och miljömedicin ; Bone and Bones ; Bone and Bones - drug effects ; Bones ; Cadmium ; Cadmium - toxicity ; Cancer ; chemically induced ; Clinical Medicine ; drug effects ; Ecological risk assessment ; Environmental aspects ; Environmental Exposure ; Environmental Exposure - adverse effects ; Environmental health ; Environmental Health and Occupational Health ; Food additives ; Health ; Health aspects ; Health risk assessment ; Health Sciences ; Humans ; Hälsovetenskap ; Kidney ; Kidney - drug effects ; Kidneys ; Klinisk medicin ; Medical and Health Sciences ; Medicin och hälsovetenskap ; Methods ; Molecular weight ; Neoplasms ; Neoplasms - chemically induced ; Proteinuria ; Public health ; Risk ; Risk Assessment ; Rodents ; Smoking ; Studies ; Toxicity ; Urine ; Womens health
Is Part Of: Environmental health perspectives, 2014-05, Vol.122 (5), p.431-438
Description: Exposure to cadmium (Cd) has long been recognized as a health hazard, both in industry and in general populations with high exposure. Under the currently prevailing health risk assessment, the relationship between urinary Cd (U-Cd) concentrations and tubular proteinuria is used. However, doubts have recently been raised regarding the justification of basing the risk assessment on this relationship at very low exposure. Our objective was to review available information on health effects of Cd exposure with respect to human health risk assessment. The associations between U-Cd and urinary proteins at very low exposure may not be due to Cd toxicity, and the clinical significance of slight proteinuria may also be limited. More importantly, other effects have been reported at very low Cd exposure. There is reason to challenge the basis of the existing health risk assessment for Cd. Our review of the literature found that exposure to low concentrations of Cd is associated with effects on bone, including increased risk of osteoporosis and fractures, and that this observation has implications for the health risk assessment of Cd. Other effects associated with Cd should also be considered, in particular cancer, although the information is still too limited for appropriate use in quantitative risk assessment. Non-renal effects should be considered critical effects in the health risk assessment of Cd.
Publisher: United States: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
Language: English
Identifier: ISSN: 0091-6765
ISSN: 1552-9924
EISSN: 1552-9924
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1307110
PMID: 24569905
Source: U.S. Government Documents
MEDLINE
PubMed Central
SWEPUB Freely available online
ProQuest Central
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals

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Non-renal effects and the risk assessment of environmental cadmium exposure

COPYRIGHT 2014 National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences ;Copyright National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences May 2014 ;ISSN: 0091-6765 ;ISSN: 1552-9924 ;EISSN: 1552-9924 ;DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1307110 ;PMID: 24569905

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