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Prenatal exposure to air pollution as a potential risk factor for autism and ADHD

Environment international, 2019-12, Vol.133 (Pt A), p.105149, Article 105149 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

2019 The Authors ;Copyright © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved. ;ISSN: 0160-4120 ;ISSN: 1873-6750 ;EISSN: 1873-6750 ;DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105149 ;PMID: 31629172

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  • Title:
    Prenatal exposure to air pollution as a potential risk factor for autism and ADHD
  • Author: Oudin, Anna ; Frondelius, Kasper ; Haglund, Nils ; Källén, Karin ; Forsberg, Bertil ; Gustafsson, Peik ; Malmqvist, Ebba
  • Subjects: Adolescent ; Air Pollution - adverse effects ; Arbetsmedicin och miljömedicin ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - etiology ; Autism Spectrum Disorder - etiology ; Child ; Clinical Medicine ; Cohort Studies ; Environmental Health and Occupational Health ; Female ; Health Sciences ; Humans ; Hälsovetenskap ; Klinisk medicin ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Medical and Health Sciences ; Medicin och hälsovetenskap ; Nitric Oxide - analysis ; Nitrogen Oxides - analysis ; Odds Ratio ; Pregnancy ; Psychiatry ; Psykiatri ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Sweden
  • Is Part Of: Environment international, 2019-12, Vol.133 (Pt A), p.105149, Article 105149
  • Description: Genetic and environmental factors both contribute to the development of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). One suggested environmental risk factor for ASD and ADHD is air pollution, but knowledge of its effects, especially in low-exposure areas, are limited. Here, we investigate risks for ASD and ADHD associated with prenatal exposure to air pollution in an area with air pollution levels generally well below World Health Organization (WHO) air quality guidelines. We used an epidemiological database (MAPSS) consisting of virtually all (99%) children born between 1999 and 2009 (48,571 births) in the study area, in southern Sweden. MAPSS consists of data on modelled nitrogen oxide (NOx) levels derived from a Gaussian dispersion model; maternal residency during pregnancy; perinatal factors collected from a regional birth registry; and socio-economic factors extracted from Statistics Sweden. All ASD and ADHD diagnoses in our data were undertaken at the Malmö and Lund Departments of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, using standardized diagnostic instruments. We used logistic regression analyses to obtain estimates of the risk of developing ASD and ADHD associated with different air pollution levels, with adjustments for potential perinatal and socio-economic confounders. In this longitudinal cohort study, we found associations between air pollution exposure during the prenatal period and and the risk of developing ASD. For example, an adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) of 1.40 and its 95% Confidence Interval (CI) (95% CI: 1.02–1.93) were found when comparing the fourth with the first quartile of NOx exposure. We did not find similar associations on the risk of developing ADHD. This study contributes to the growing evidence of a link between prenatal exposure to air pollution and autism spectrum disorders, suggesting that prenatal exposure even below current WHO air quality guidelines may increase the risk of autism spectrum disorders. •We performed population-based research, with data on clinical diagnoses of autism and ADHD.•We had access to data on other neuro-developmental disorder, perinatal factors, and SES.•We modelled NOx with an extensive emission database and dispersion modelling.•We did not find an association of ADHD and NOx at relatively low-exposure levels.•We found a link between prenatal exposure NOx-exposure and autism.
  • Publisher: Netherlands: Elsevier Ltd
  • Language: English
  • Identifier: ISSN: 0160-4120
    ISSN: 1873-6750
    EISSN: 1873-6750
    DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105149
    PMID: 31629172
  • Source: Open Access: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
    MEDLINE
    SWEPUB Freely available online
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