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Estimated Global Mortality Attributable to Smoke from Landscape Fires

Environmental health perspectives, 2012-05, Vol.120 (5), p.695-701 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

2015 INIST-CNRS ;COPYRIGHT 2012 National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences ;COPYRIGHT 2012 National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences ;Copyright National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences May 2012 ;2012 ;ISSN: 0091-6765 ;EISSN: 1552-9924 ;DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1104422 ;PMID: 22456494 ;CODEN: EVHPAZ

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Title:
Estimated Global Mortality Attributable to Smoke from Landscape Fires
Author: Johnston, Fay H. ; Henderson, Sarah B. ; Chen, Yang ; Randerson, James T. ; Marlier, Miriam ; DeFries, Ruth S. ; Kinney, Patrick ; Bowman, David M.J.S. ; Brauer, Michael
Subjects: Aerosols ; Air ; Air Pollutants - analysis ; Air Pollutants - toxicity ; Air pollution ; Analytical estimating ; Australia ; Biological and medical sciences ; Carbon dioxide emissions ; Contrafactuals ; El Nino ; Environment. Living conditions ; Environmental Exposure ; Environmental pollutants toxicology ; Estimates ; Fires ; Global Health ; Health ; Health aspects ; Humans ; La Nina ; Mathematical models ; Medical sciences ; Mortality ; Particle Size ; Particulate emissions ; Pollutant emissions ; Public health. Hygiene ; Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine ; Smoke ; Toxicology
Is Part Of: Environmental health perspectives, 2012-05, Vol.120 (5), p.695-701
Description: Background: Forest, grassland peat fires release approximately 2 petagrams of carbon into the atmosphere each year, influencing weather, climate, and air quality. Objective: We estimated the annual global mortality attributable to landscape fire smoke (LFS). Methods: Daily and annual exposure to particulate matter < 2.5 pm in aerodynamic diameter (PM₂.₅) from fire emissions was estimated globally for 1997 through 2006 by combining outputs from a chemical transport model with satellite-based observations of aerosol optical depth. In World Health Organization (WHO) subregions classified as sporadically affected, the daily burden of mortality was estimated using previously published concentration—response coefficients for the association between short-term elevations in PM₂.₅ from LFS (contrasted with 0 ug/m³ from LFS) and all-cause mortality. In subregions classified as chronically affected, the annual burden of mortality was estimated using the American Cancer Society study coefficient for the association between longterm PM₂.₅ exposure and all-cause mortality. The annual average PM₂.₅ estimates were contrasted with theoretical minimum (counterfactual) concentrations in each chronically affected subregion.Sensitivity of mortality estimates to different exposure assessments, counterfactual estimates, and concentration—response functions was evaluated. Strong La Niña and El Niño years were compared to assess the influence of interannual climatic variability. Results: Our principal estimate for the average mortality attributable to LFS exposure was 339,000 deaths annually. In sensitivity analyses the interquartile range of all tested estimates was 260,000-600,000. The regions most affected were sub-Saharan Africa (157,000) and Southeast Asia (110,000). Estimated annual mortality during La Niña was 262,000, compared with 532,000 during El Niño. Conclusions: Fire emissions are an important contributor to global mortality. Adverse health outcomes associated with LFS could be substantially reduced by curtailing burning of tropical rainforests, which rarely burn naturally. The large estimated influence of El Niño suggests a relationship between climate and the burden of mortality attributable to LFS.
Publisher: Research Triangle Park, NC: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
Language: English
Identifier: ISSN: 0091-6765
EISSN: 1552-9924
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1104422
PMID: 22456494
CODEN: EVHPAZ
Source: US Government Documents
MEDLINE
PubMed Central
ProQuest Central
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals

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Estimated Global Mortality Attributable to Smoke from Landscape Fires

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