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Epidemiology and clinical presentation of the four human parainfluenza virus types

BMC infectious diseases, 2013-01, Vol.13 (1), p.28-28, Article 28 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

COPYRIGHT 2013 BioMed Central Ltd. ;COPYRIGHT 2013 BioMed Central Ltd. ;2013 Liu et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ;Copyright ©2013 Liu et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2013 Liu et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. ;ISSN: 1471-2334 ;EISSN: 1471-2334 ;DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-28 ;PMID: 23343342

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Title:
Epidemiology and clinical presentation of the four human parainfluenza virus types
Author: Liu, Wen-Kuan ; Liu, Qian ; Chen, De-Hui ; Liang, Huan-Xi ; Chen, Xiao-Kai ; Huang, Wen-Bo ; Qin, Sheng ; Yang, Zi-Feng ; Zhou, Rong
Subjects: Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bacterial pneumonia ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Children ; China - epidemiology ; Diseases ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Health aspects ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Illnesses ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infections ; Influenza ; Influenza viruses ; Male ; Medical research ; Medicine, Experimental ; Middle Aged ; Parainfluenza virus ; Parainfluenza Virus 1, Human - genetics ; Parainfluenza Virus 1, Human - isolation & purification ; Parainfluenza Virus 2, Human - genetics ; Parainfluenza Virus 2, Human - isolation & purification ; Parainfluenza Virus 3, Human - genetics ; Parainfluenza Virus 3, Human - isolation & purification ; Parainfluenza Virus 4, Human - genetics ; Parainfluenza Virus 4, Human - isolation & purification ; Paramyxoviridae Infections - diagnosis ; Paramyxoviridae Infections - epidemiology ; Paramyxoviruses ; Patients ; Pneumonia ; Respiratory diseases ; Respiratory tract diseases ; Risk factors ; Seasons ; Young Adult
Is Part Of: BMC infectious diseases, 2013-01, Vol.13 (1), p.28-28, Article 28
Description: Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) are important causes of upper respiratory tract illness (URTI) and lower respiratory tract illness (LRTI). To analyse epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of the four types of human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs), patients with acute respiratory tract illness (ARTI) were studied in Guangzhou, southern China. Throat swabs (n=4755) were collected and tested from children and adults with ARTI over a 26-month period, and 4447 of 4755 (93.5%) patients' clinical presentations were recorded for further analysis. Of 4755 patients tested, 178 (3.7%) were positive for HPIV. Ninety-nine (2.1%) samples were positive for HPIV-3, 58 (1.2%) for HPIV-1, 19 (0.4%) for HPIV-2 and 8 (0.2%) for HPIV-4. 160/178 (88.9%) HPIV-positive samples were from paediatric patients younger than 5 years old, but no infant under one month of age was HPIV positive. Seasonal peaks of HPIV-3 and HPIV-1 occurred as autumn turned to winter and summer turned to autumn. HPIV-2 and HPIV-4 were detected less frequently, and their frequency of isolation increased when the frequency of HPIV-3 and HPIV-1 declined. HPIV infection led to a wide spectrum of symptoms, and more "hoarseness" (p=0.015), "abnormal pulmonary breathing sound" (p<0.001), "dyspnoea" (p<0.001), "pneumonia" (p=0.01), and "diarrhoea" (p<0.001) presented in HPIV-positive patients than HPIV-negative patients. 10/10 (100%) HPIV-positive adult patients (≥14 years old) presented with systemic influenza-like symptoms, while 90/164 (54.9%) HPIV-positive paediatric patients (<14 years old) presented with these symptoms (p=0.005). The only significant difference in clinical presentation between HPIV types was "Expectoration" (p<0.001). Co-infections were common, with 33.3%-63.2% of samples positive for the four HPIV types also testing positive for other respiratory pathogens. However, no significant differences were seen in clinical presentation between patients solely infected with HPIV and patients co-infected with HPIV and other respiratory pathogens. HPIV infection led to a wide spectrum of symptoms, and similar clinical manifestations were found in the patients with four different types of HPIVs. The study suggested pathogenic activity of HPIV in gastrointestinal illness. The clinical presentation of HPIV infection may differ by patient age.
Publisher: England: BioMed Central Ltd
Language: English
Identifier: ISSN: 1471-2334
EISSN: 1471-2334
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-28
PMID: 23343342
Source: Geneva Foundation Free Medical Journals at publisher websites
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Epidemiology and clinical presentation of the four human parainfluenza virus types

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