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Clinical Biology of the Pituitary Adenoma

Endocrine reviews, 2022-12, Vol.43 (6), p.1003-1037 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Endocrine Society. ;COPYRIGHT 2022 Oxford University Press ;The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Endocrine Society. 2022 ;ISSN: 0163-769X ;EISSN: 1945-7189 ;DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnac010 ;PMID: 35395078

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Title:
Clinical Biology of the Pituitary Adenoma
Author: Melmed, Shlomo ; Kaiser, Ursula B ; Lopes, M Beatriz ; Bertherat, Jerome ; Syro, Luis V ; Raverot, Gerald ; Reincke, Martin ; Johannsson, Gudmundur ; Beckers, Albert ; Fleseriu, Maria ; Giustina, Andrea ; Wass, John A H ; Ho, Ken K Y
Subjects: acromegaly ; Adenoma ; Adenoma - complications ; Adenoma - genetics ; Adenoma - metabolism ; aggressive pituitary tumor ; Biology ; Brain cancer ; Cabergoline ; cardiovascular risk ; cavernous sinus ; Cell differentiation ; Cell proliferation ; Corticosteroids ; Cushing's disease ; cushings-syndrome ; Cyclic adenylic acid ; Endocrine glands ; Endocrine system ; Endocrinologie, métabolisme & nutrition ; Endocrinology ; Endocrinology & Metabolism ; Endocrinology and Diabetes ; Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ; Endocrinology, metabolism & nutrition ; Endokrinologi och diabetes ; Epidemiology ; France ; G proteins ; Gene mutations ; Genomic instability ; Glycoproteins ; growth-hormone hypersecretion ; Hormones ; Human health sciences ; Humans ; hypothalamus ; Immunohistochemistry ; Luteinizing hormone ; mccune-albright syndrome ; Morbidity ; Mortality ; natural-history ; Neoplasms ; Neuroendocrine tumors ; Neuropeptides ; Physiological aspects ; Pituitary (anterior) ; Pituitary adenoma ; Pituitary gland ; Pituitary gland tumors ; Pituitary hormones ; Pituitary Neoplasms - complications ; prolactinoma ; Quality of Life ; radiological vertebral fractures ; Review ; Sciences de la santé humaine ; Senescence ; space ; Sweden ; Thyroid ; transcription factors ; tumor-transforming gene ; Tumors ; United Kingdom
Is Part Of: Endocrine reviews, 2022-12, Vol.43 (6), p.1003-1037
Description: All endocrine glands are susceptible to neoplastic growth, yet the health consequences of these neoplasms differ between endocrine tissues. Pituitary neoplasms are highly prevalent and overwhelmingly benign, exhibiting a spectrum of diverse behaviors and impact on health. To understand the clinical biology of these common yet often innocuous neoplasms, we review pituitary physiology and adenoma epidemiology, pathophysiology, behavior, and clinical consequences. The anterior pituitary develops in response to a range of complex brain signals integrating with intrinsic ectodermal cell transcriptional events that together determine gland growth, cell type differentiation, and hormonal production, in turn maintaining optimal endocrine health. Pituitary adenomas occur in 10% of the population; however, the overwhelming majority remain harmless during life. Triggered by somatic or germline mutations, disease-causing adenomas manifest pathogenic mechanisms that disrupt intrapituitary signaling to promote benign cell proliferation associated with chromosomal instability. Cellular senescence acts as a mechanistic buffer protecting against malignant transformation, an extremely rare event. It is estimated that fewer than one-thousandth of all pituitary adenomas cause clinically significant disease. Adenomas variably and adversely affect morbidity and mortality depending on cell type, hormone secretory activity, and growth behavior. For most clinically apparent adenomas, multimodal therapy controlling hormone secretion and adenoma growth lead to improved quality of life and normalized mortality. The clinical biology of pituitary adenomas, and particularly their benign nature, stands in marked contrast to other tumors of the endocrine system, such as thyroid and neuroendocrine tumors.
Publisher: United States: Oxford University Press
Language: English
Identifier: ISSN: 0163-769X
EISSN: 1945-7189
DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnac010
PMID: 35395078
Source: GFMER Free Medical Journals
MEDLINE
Alma/SFX Local Collection

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Clinical Biology of the Pituitary Adenoma

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