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COVID-19 in the California State Prison System: an Observational Study of Decarceration, Ongoing Risks, and Risk Factors

Journal of general internal medicine : JGIM, 2021-10, Vol.36 (10), p.3096-3102 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

Society of General Internal Medicine 2021 ;Society of General Internal Medicine 2021. ;ISSN: 0884-8734 ;EISSN: 1525-1497 ;DOI: 10.1007/s11606-021-07022-x ;PMID: 34291377

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  • Title:
    COVID-19 in the California State Prison System: an Observational Study of Decarceration, Ongoing Risks, and Risk Factors
  • Author: Chin, Elizabeth T. ; Ryckman, Theresa ; Prince, Lea ; Leidner, David ; Alarid-Escudero, Fernando ; Andrews, Jason R. ; Salomon, Joshua A. ; Studdert, David M. ; Goldhaber-Fiebert, Jeremy D.
  • Subjects: Coronaviruses ; COVID-19 ; Dormitories ; Factor analysis ; Health risks ; Housing ; Imprisonment ; Infections ; Internal Medicine ; Labor ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Observational studies ; Occupancy ; Original Research ; Pandemics ; Participation ; Prisons ; Risk analysis ; Risk factors ; Risk reduction ; Statistical models ; Vaccination ; Viral diseases
  • Is Part Of: Journal of general internal medicine : JGIM, 2021-10, Vol.36 (10), p.3096-3102
  • Description: Background Correctional institutions nationwide are seeking to mitigate COVID-19-related risks. Objective To quantify changes to California’s prison population since the pandemic began and identify risk factors for COVID-19 infection. Design For California state prisons (March 1–October 10, 2020), we described residents’ demographic characteristics, health status, COVID-19 risk scores, room occupancy, and labor participation. We used Cox proportional hazard models to estimate the association between rates of COVID-19 infection and room occupancy and out-of-room labor, respectively. Participants Residents of California state prisons. Main Measures Changes in the incarcerated population’s size, composition, housing, and activities. For the risk factor analysis, the exposure variables were room type (cells vs. dormitories) and labor participation (any room occupant participating in the prior 2 weeks) and the outcome variable was incident COVID-19 case rates. Key Results The incarcerated population decreased 19.1% (119,401 to 96,623) during the study period. On October 10, 2020, 11.5% of residents were aged ≥60, 18.3% had high COVID-19 risk scores, 31.0% participated in out-of-room labor, and 14.8% lived in rooms with ≥10 occupants. Nearly 40% of residents with high COVID-19 risk scores lived in dormitories. In 9 prisons with major outbreaks (6,928 rooms; 21,750 residents), dormitory residents had higher infection rates than cell residents (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 2.51 95% CI, 2.25–2.80) and residents of rooms with labor participation had higher rates than residents of other rooms (AHR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.39–1.74). Conclusion Despite reductions in room occupancy and mixing, California prisons still house many medically vulnerable residents in risky settings. Reducing risks further requires a combination of strategies, including rehousing, decarceration, and vaccination.
  • Publisher: Cham: Springer International Publishing
  • Language: English
  • Identifier: ISSN: 0884-8734
    EISSN: 1525-1497
    DOI: 10.1007/s11606-021-07022-x
    PMID: 34291377
  • Source: AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central
    GFMER Free Medical Journals
    PubMed Central
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