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Genetic and early environmental influences on the serotonin system: consequences for brain development and risk for psychopathology

Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience, 2015, Vol.40 (1), p.5-18 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

Canadian Medical Association ;COPYRIGHT 2015 Joule Inc. ;Copyright Canadian Medical Association Jan 2015 ;2015 8872147 Canada Inc. 2015 ;ISSN: 1180-4882 ;EISSN: 1488-2434 ;DOI: 10.1503/jpn.140099 ;PMID: 25285876 ;CODEN: JPNEEF

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  • Title:
    Genetic and early environmental influences on the serotonin system: consequences for brain development and risk for psychopathology
  • Author: Booij, Linda, PhD ; Tremblay, Richard E., PhD ; Szyf, Moshe, PhD ; Benkelfat, Chawki, MD, DERBH
  • Subjects: Animals ; Brain ; Brain - growth & development ; Brain - physiopathology ; Brain research ; Environment ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Gene expression ; Gene-Environment Interaction ; Genetic aspects ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genetic research ; Genetics ; Health aspects ; Humans ; Medical Education ; Mental Disorders - physiopathology ; Psychiatry ; Review Paper ; Serotonin ; Serotonin - genetics ; Serotonin - metabolism ; Studies
  • Is Part Of: Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience, 2015, Vol.40 (1), p.5-18
  • Description: Background Despite more than 60 years of research in the role of serotonin (5-HT) in psychopathology, many questions still remain. From a developmental perspective, studies have provided more insight into how 5-HT dysfunctions acquired in utero or early in life may modulate brain development. This paper discusses the relevance of the developmental role of 5-HT for the understanding of psychopathology. We review developmental milestones of the 5-HT system, how genetic and environmental 5-HT disturbances could affect brain development and the potential role of DNA methylation in 5-HT genes for brain development. Methods Studies were identified using common databases (e.g., PubMed, Google Scholar) and reference lists. Results Despite the widely supported view that the 5-HT system matures in early life, different 5-HT receptors, proteins and enzymes have different developmental patterns, and development is brain region–specific. A disruption in 5-HT homeostasis during development may lead to structural and functional changes in brain circuits that modulate emotional stress responses, including subcortical limbic and (pre)frontal areas. This may result in a predisposition to psychopathology. DNA methylation might be one of the underlying physiologic mechanisms. Limitations There is a need for prospective studies. The impact of stressors during adolescence on the 5-HT system is understudied. Questions regarding efficacy of drugs acting on 5-HT still remain. Conclusion A multidisciplinary and longitudinal approach in designing studies on the role of 5-HT in psychopathology might help to bring us closer to the understanding of the role of 5-HT in psychopathology.
  • Publisher: Canada: Joule Inc
  • Language: French;English
  • Identifier: ISSN: 1180-4882
    EISSN: 1488-2434
    DOI: 10.1503/jpn.140099
    PMID: 25285876
    CODEN: JPNEEF
  • Source: ProQuest One Psychology
    GFMER Free Medical Journals
    MEDLINE
    PubMed Central
    Alma/SFX Local Collection
    ProQuest Central
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