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Chapter 13 Mineral control of minor, trace and rare earth elements during black shale weathering at near-neutral pH

Developments in Environmental Science, 2007, Vol.5, p.273-301

2007 Elsevier Ltd ;ISSN: 1474-8177 ;ISBN: 9780080465227 ;ISBN: 0080465226 ;DOI: 10.1016/S1474-8177(07)05013-9

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  • Title:
    Chapter 13 Mineral control of minor, trace and rare earth elements during black shale weathering at near-neutral pH
  • Author: Abanda, P.A. ; Hannigan, R.E.
  • Is Part Of: Developments in Environmental Science, 2007, Vol.5, p.273-301
  • Description: Mineral dissolution and alteration commonly influence the concentration of chemical species in natural water systems and consequently on water quality. This research looks at the role of mineral-water interactions during black shale weathering in influencing the chemical composition of streams and groundwaters with emphasis on minor and trace elements and the rare earth elements (REE). We performed batch weathering experiments under standard laboratory conditions standard laboratory conditions (standard ambient temperature (∼25°C) and pressure (∼100kPa)) using three black shale samples from the Utica shale magnafacies of Quebec, Ontario and New York using buffered weathering solutions at pH 5 to determine the mineralogical controls of dissolved metal concentrations. R-mode factor analysis was used to describe the relationship among different elements (Ti, V, Cr, Ni, Zn, As, Sr, Ba, Th, U and the REE) in the weathering fluids. Five factors were extracted that accounted for 95% of the variance within the data. We interpret these five factors as representing the breakdown products of four major mineral phases (phosphates, carbonates, silicates and sulfides) in the black shale as well as the breakdown of organic matter. Our results also suggest that during weathering of black shales, the REE are fractionated leading to enrichment of the MREE (Sm-Dy) and HREE (Ho-Yb) relative to the LREE (La-Nd). We also observed that the average concentration of minor and trace elements and the REE in solution was highest during the first 24h of reaction and decreased slowly with time. We interpret the changes in dissolved metal concentrations as the result of rapid breakdown or dissolution of easily weathered mineral phases, partial oxidation of organic matter and to the desorption of metals that are loosely bound to exchange sites on clay minerals. The decrease in metal concentration with time may be related to processes such as precipitation of secondary phases and sorption as well as dissolution of easily weathered mineral phases.
  • Publisher: Elsevier Science & Technology
  • Language: English
  • Identifier: ISSN: 1474-8177
    ISBN: 9780080465227
    ISBN: 0080465226
    DOI: 10.1016/S1474-8177(07)05013-9
  • Source: Ebook Central Academic Complete
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