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CRISPR-Cas: biology, mechanisms and relevance

Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological sciences, 2016-11, Vol.371 (1707), p.20150496-20150496 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

2016 The Authors. ;2016 The Authors. 2016 ;ISSN: 0962-8436 ;ISSN: 1471-2970 ;EISSN: 1471-2970 ;DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0496 ;PMID: 27672148

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  • Title:
    CRISPR-Cas: biology, mechanisms and relevance
  • Author: Hille, Frank ; Charpentier, Emmanuelle
  • Subjects: Archaea - genetics ; Archaea - immunology ; Archaea - physiology ; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena - genetics ; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena - immunology ; Bacteriophage ; Cas9 ; CRISPR ; CRISPR-Cas Systems - genetics ; Genome Editing ; Review
  • Is Part Of: Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological sciences, 2016-11, Vol.371 (1707), p.20150496-20150496
  • Description: Prokaryotes have evolved several defence mechanisms to protect themselves from viral predators. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and their associated proteins (Cas) display a prokaryotic adaptive immune system that memorizes previous infections by integrating short sequences of invading genomes—termed spacers—into the CRISPR locus. The spacers interspaced with repeats are expressed as small guide CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs) that are employed by Cas proteins to target invaders sequence-specifically upon a reoccurring infection. The ability of the minimal CRISPR-Cas9 system to target DNA sequences using programmable RNAs has opened new avenues in genome editing in a broad range of cells and organisms with high potential in therapeutical applications. While numerous scientific studies have shed light on the biochemical processes behind CRISPR-Cas systems, several aspects of the immunity steps, however, still lack sufficient understanding. This review summarizes major discoveries in the CRISPR-Cas field, discusses the role of CRISPR-Cas in prokaryotic immunity and other physiological properties, and describes applications of the system as a DNA editing technology and antimicrobial agent. This article is part of the themed issue ‘The new bacteriology’.
  • Publisher: England: The Royal Society
  • Language: English
  • Identifier: ISSN: 0962-8436
    ISSN: 1471-2970
    EISSN: 1471-2970
    DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0496
    PMID: 27672148
  • Source: GFMER Free Medical Journals
    MEDLINE
    PubMed Central
    SWEPUB Freely available online
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