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A Cohort Study of Traffic-Related Air Pollution Impacts on Birth Outcomes

Environmental health perspectives, 2008-05, Vol.116 (5), p.680-686 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

COPYRIGHT 2008 National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences ;COPYRIGHT 2008 National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences ;Copyright National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences May 2008 ;2008 ;ISSN: 0091-6765 ;EISSN: 1552-9924 ;DOI: 10.1289/ehp.10952 ;PMID: 18470315

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  • Title:
    A Cohort Study of Traffic-Related Air Pollution Impacts on Birth Outcomes
  • Author: Brauer, Michael ; Lencar, Cornel ; Tamburic, Lillian ; Koehoorn, Mieke ; Demers, Paul ; Karr, Catherine
  • Subjects: Air pollutants ; Air Pollutants - analysis ; Air Pollutants - toxicity ; Air pollution ; Birth defects ; Birth Weight ; Birth weight, Low ; Black carbon ; British Columbia - epidemiology ; Causes of ; Children's Health ; Cohort Studies ; Environmental Monitoring ; Epidemiological Monitoring ; Female ; Health aspects ; Highways ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Land use ; Lurs ; Odds Ratio ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome - epidemiology ; Risk Assessment ; Roads ; Traffic estimation ; Vehicle Emissions - analysis ; Vehicle Emissions - toxicity
  • Is Part Of: Environmental health perspectives, 2008-05, Vol.116 (5), p.680-686
  • Description: Background: Evidence suggests that air pollution exposure adversely affects pregnancy outcomes. Few studies have examined individual-level intraurban exposure contrasts. Objectives: We evaluated the impacts of air pollution on small for gestational age (SGA) birth weight, low full-term birth weight (LBW), and preterm birth using spatiotemporal exposure metrics. Methods: With linked administrative data, we identified 70,249 singleton births (1999-2002) with complete covariate data (sex, ethnicity, parity, birth month and year, income, education) and maternal residential history in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. We estimated residential exposures by month of pregnancy using nearest and inverse-distance weighting (IDW) of study area monitors [carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitric oxide, ozone, sulfur dioxide, and particulate matter < 2.5 $({\rm PM}_{2.5})$ or < 10 $({\rm PM}_{10})$ μm in aerodynamic diameter], temporally adjusted land use regression (LUR) models (NO, ${\rm NO}_{2}$, ${\rm PM}_{2.5}$, black carbon), and proximity to major roads. Using logistic regression, we estimated the risk of mean (entire pregnancy, first and last month of pregnancy, first and last 3 months) air pollution concentrations on SGA (< 10th percentile), term LBW (< 2,500 g), and preterm birth. Results: Residence within 50 m of highways was associated with a 26% increase in SGA [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.07-1.49] and an 11% (95% CI, 1.01-1.23) increase in LBW. Exposure to all air pollutants except ${\rm O}_{3}$ was associated with SGA, with similar odds ratios (ORs) for LUR and monitoring estimates (e.g., LUR: OR = 1.02; 95% CI, 1.00-1.04; IDW: OR = 1.05; 95% CI, 1.03-1.08 per $10\text{-}\mu {\rm g}/{\rm m}^{3}$ increase in NO). For preterm births, associations were observed with ${\rm PM}_{2.5}$ for births < 37 weeks gestation (and for other pollutants at < 30 weeks). No consistent patterns suggested exposure windows of greater relevance. Conclusion: Associations between traffic-related air pollution and birth outcomes were observed in a population-based cohort with relatively low ambient air pollution exposure.
  • Publisher: United States: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. National Institutes of Health. Department of Health, Education and Welfare
  • Language: English
  • Identifier: ISSN: 0091-6765
    EISSN: 1552-9924
    DOI: 10.1289/ehp.10952
    PMID: 18470315
  • Source: US Government Documents
    MEDLINE
    PubMed Central
    ProQuest Central
    DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
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