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Engineering C 4 photosynthesis into C 3 chassis in the synthetic biology age

The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology, 2016-07, Vol.87 (1), p.51-65 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

ISSN: 0960-7412 ;EISSN: 1365-313X ;DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13155

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  • Title:
    Engineering C 4 photosynthesis into C 3 chassis in the synthetic biology age
  • Author: Schuler, Mara L. ; Mantegazza, Otho ; Weber, Andreas P.M.
  • Is Part Of: The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology, 2016-07, Vol.87 (1), p.51-65
  • Description: Summary C 4 photosynthetic plants outperform C 3 plants in hot and arid climates. By concentrating carbon dioxide around Rubisco C 4 plants drastically reduce photorespiration. The frequency with which plants evolved C 4 photosynthesis independently challenges researchers to unravel the genetic mechanisms underlying this convergent evolutionary switch. The conversion of C 3 crops, such as rice, towards C 4 photosynthesis is a long‐standing goal. Nevertheless, at the present time, in the age of synthetic biology, this still remains a monumental task, partially because the C 4 carbon‐concentrating biochemical cycle spans two cell types and thus requires specialized anatomy. Here we review the advances in understanding the molecular basis and the evolution of the C 4 trait, advances in the last decades that were driven by systems biology methods. In this review we emphasise essential genetic engineering tools needed to translate our theoretical knowledge into engineering approaches. With our current molecular understanding of the biochemical C 4 pathway, we propose a simplified rational engineering model exclusively built with known C 4 metabolic components. Moreover, we discuss an alternative approach to the progressing international engineering attempts that would combine targeted mutagenesis and directed evolution. Significance Statement Photosynthesis in C4 plants is more efficient than in C3 plants. Engineering aspects of C4 photosynthesis into C3 crop plants would enable major breakthroughs in increasing crop productivity. Here we review advances in understanding the molecular basis and evolution of the C4 trait, and discuss genetic tools and engineering approaches to achieve this goal.
  • Language: English
  • Identifier: ISSN: 0960-7412
    EISSN: 1365-313X
    DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13155
  • Source: IngentaConnect Open Access
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