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Sex differences in the first impressions made by girls and boys with autism

Molecular autism, 2020-06, Vol.11 (1), p.49-49, Article 49 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

COPYRIGHT 2020 BioMed Central Ltd. ;2020. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. ;The Author(s) 2020 ;ISSN: 2040-2392 ;EISSN: 2040-2392 ;DOI: 10.1186/s13229-020-00336-3 ;PMID: 32546266

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  • Title:
    Sex differences in the first impressions made by girls and boys with autism
  • Author: Cola, Meredith L ; Plate, Samantha ; Yankowitz, Lisa ; Petrulla, Victoria ; Bateman, Leila ; Zampella, Casey J ; de Marchena, Ashley ; Pandey, Juhi ; Schultz, Robert T ; Parish-Morris, Julia
  • Subjects: Adolescent ; Adults ; Analysis ; Autism ; Autism spectrum disorder ; Autistic children ; Autistic Disorder - epidemiology ; Behavior ; Beliefs, opinions and attitudes ; Boys ; Camouflage ; Child ; Childhood sex differences (Psychology) ; Demographic aspects ; Diagnosis ; Female ; First impressions ; First impressions (Psychology) ; Gender differences ; Girls ; Humans ; Influence ; Male ; Observations ; Phenotype ; Severity of Illness Index ; Sex Characteristics ; Sex differences ; Social aspects ; Social distancing ; Social interaction
  • Is Part Of: Molecular autism, 2020-06, Vol.11 (1), p.49-49, Article 49
  • Description: Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are characterized by social communication challenges and repetitive behaviors that may be quickly detected by experts (Autism Res 10:653-62, 2017; American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 2013). Recent research suggests that even naïve non-experts judge a variety of human dimensions using narrow windows of experience called "first impressions." Growing recognition of sex differences in a variety of observable behaviors in ASD, combined with research showing that some autistic girls and women may "camouflage" outward symptoms, suggests it may be more difficult for naïve conversation partners to detect ASD symptoms in girls. Here, we explore the first impressions made by boys and girls with ASD and typically developing (TD) peers. Ninety-three school-aged children with ASD or TD were matched on IQ; autistic girls and boys were additionally matched on autism symptom severity using the ADOS-2. Participants completed a 5-minute "get-to-know-you" conversation with a new young adult acquaintance. Immediately after the conversation, confederates rated participants on a variety of dimensions. Our primary analysis compared conversation ratings between groups (ASD boys, ASD girls, TD boys, TD girls). Autistic girls were rated more positively than autistic boys by novel conversation partners (better perceived social communication ability), despite comparable autism symptom severity as rated by expert clinicians (equivalent true social communication ability). Boys with ASD were rated more negatively than typical boys and typical girls by novel conversation partners as well as expert clinicians. There was no significant difference in the first impressions made by autistic girls compared to typical girls during conversations with a novel conversation partner, but autistic girls were rated lower than typical girls by expert clinicians. This study cannot speak to the ways in which first impressions may differ for younger children, adults, or individuals who are not verbally fluent; in addition, there were more autistic boys than girls in our sample, making it difficult to detect small effects. First impressions made during naturalistic conversations with non-expert conversation partners could-in combination with clinical ratings and parent report-shed light on the nature and effects of behavioral differences between girls and boys on the autism spectrum.
  • Publisher: England: BioMed Central Ltd
  • Language: English
  • Identifier: ISSN: 2040-2392
    EISSN: 2040-2392
    DOI: 10.1186/s13229-020-00336-3
    PMID: 32546266
  • Source: ProQuest One Psychology
    GFMER Free Medical Journals
    MEDLINE
    PubMed Central
    Springer Nature OA/Free Journals
    ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources
    ProQuest Central
    DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
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