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Relevance of the Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load for Body Weight, Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Disease

Nutrients, 2018-09, Vol.10 (10), p.1361 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

2018 by the authors. 2018 ;ISSN: 2072-6643 ;EISSN: 2072-6643 ;DOI: 10.3390/nu10101361 ;PMID: 30249012

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  • Title:
    Relevance of the Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load for Body Weight, Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Disease
  • Author: Vega-López, Sonia ; Venn, Bernard J ; Slavin, Joanne L
  • Subjects: Blood Glucose - metabolism ; Body Weight ; carbohydrates ; Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology ; chronic disease risk ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - etiology ; Diet ; Feeding Behavior ; Glycemic Index ; Glycemic Load ; glycemic response ; Humans ; Obesity - etiology ; Review ; satiety ; type 2 diabetes
  • Is Part Of: Nutrients, 2018-09, Vol.10 (10), p.1361
  • Description: Despite initial enthusiasm, the relationship between glycemic index (GI) and glycemic response (GR) and disease prevention remains unclear. This review examines evidence from randomized, controlled trials and observational studies in humans for short-term (e.g., satiety) and long-term (e.g., weight, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes) health effects associated with different types of GI diets. A systematic PubMed search was conducted of studies published between 2006 and 2018 with key words glycemic index, glycemic load, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, body weight, satiety, and obesity. Criteria for inclusion for observational studies and randomized intervention studies were set. The search yielded 445 articles, of which 73 met inclusion criteria. Results suggest an equivocal relationship between GI/GR and disease outcome. The strongest intervention studies typically find little relationship among GI/GR and physiological measures of disease risk. Even for observational studies, the relationship between GI/GR and disease outcomes is limited. Thus, it is unlikely that the GI of a food or diet is linked to disease risk or health outcomes. Other measures of dietary quality, such as fiber or whole grains may be more likely to predict health outcomes. Interest in food patterns as predictors of health benefits may be more fruitful for research to inform dietary guidance.
  • Publisher: Switzerland: MDPI
  • Language: English
  • Identifier: ISSN: 2072-6643
    EISSN: 2072-6643
    DOI: 10.3390/nu10101361
    PMID: 30249012
  • Source: GFMER Free Medical Journals
    MEDLINE
    PubMed Central
    ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources
    ProQuest Central
    DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
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