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Utilization of Recycled Egg Carton Pulp for Nitrocellulose as an Accelerant in Briquette Production

Polymers, 2023-06, Vol.15 (13), p.2866 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

COPYRIGHT 2023 MDPI AG ;2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. ;2023 by the authors. 2023 ;ISSN: 2073-4360 ;EISSN: 2073-4360 ;DOI: 10.3390/polym15132866 ;PMID: 37447511

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  • Title:
    Utilization of Recycled Egg Carton Pulp for Nitrocellulose as an Accelerant in Briquette Production
  • Author: Andok, Amena ; Lee, Seng Hua ; Gilbert Jesuet, Melissa Sharmah ; Palle, Ismawati
  • Subjects: accelerant ; Bioplastics ; bleached ; Bleaching ; Briquets ; briquette ; Calorific value ; Cartons ; Caustic soda ; Cellulose ; Cellulose esters ; Cellulose nitrate ; Charcoal ; Charge materials ; Cotton ; egg carton pulp ; Ethanol ; Explosives ; Fourier transforms ; Hydraulics ; Infrared analysis ; Infrared spectroscopy ; Lignin ; Lignocellulose ; Methods ; Nitration ; nitrocellulose ; Nitrogen ; Nitrogen dioxide ; Packaging design ; Potash ; Potassium ; Raw materials ; Recycling ; Rice ; Sodium ; Sulfuric acid ; Weight loss ; Wood ; Wood pulp
  • Is Part Of: Polymers, 2023-06, Vol.15 (13), p.2866
  • Description: Nitrocellulose (NC) is a conservative material that is used in a variety of applications, such as coating agents, biodegradable plastics, and propellant main charge. Nitrocellulose raw materials are easily obtained from lignocellulose sources, most notably cotton and wood pulp. The egg carton, a recycled paper waste designed for packaging and transporting eggs, is used in this study to make nitrocellulose in pulp form. The effects of different nitration durations (40, 50, and 60 min) from egg carton pulp bleached with various KOH concentrations (0.6 M, 1.0 M, and 1.5 M) on NC properties were evaluated. The accelerant properties of the NC of nitration time in 50 min were studied in a rice husk charcoal briquette. Rice husk charcoal briquettes are made in various ratios with nitrocellulose as an accelerant (97:3, 96:4, and 95:5). The NC was characterized using Fourier transform infrared (IR) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. 1.0 M of bleached egg carton pulp has the highest cellulose content (86.94%) with the presence of crystalline structure of cellulose at peak 1430 cm after the bleaching process. Meanwhile, different nitration times revealed that 50 min had the highest nitrogen content (7.97%) with a 1.23 degree of substitution (DS) value. Based on its TG analysis, NC 50 has met the requirements for use as an accelerant for briquettes, with an onset temperature of 91.60 °C and a weight loss of 62.60%. Infrared at peak 1640 cm confirmed the presence of NO groups in nitrocellulose successfully formed by nitration. After the addition of nitrocellulose, the calorific value of the briquette increased from 13.54% to 15.47%. Fixed carbon and volatile matter showed the same pattern. The combustion of nitrocellulose-briquette has also been demonstrated by Td10% of degradation, which degraded between 310 and 345 °C.
  • Publisher: Switzerland: MDPI AG
  • Language: English
  • Identifier: ISSN: 2073-4360
    EISSN: 2073-4360
    DOI: 10.3390/polym15132866
    PMID: 37447511
  • Source: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
    PubMed Central (Training)
    GFMER Free Medical Journals
    ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources
    ProQuest Central
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